Intrauterine growth restriction increases morbidity and mortality among premature neonates

Garite, Thomas J.; Clark, Reese H.; Thorp, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.01.036

Cited by 408 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Growth-restricted neonates exhibit an increased risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Growth-restricted newborns are nearly three times more likely to die in the neonatal period than normal-weight newborns (Sung et al 1993, Piper et al 1996, Garite et al 2004. Among the lifelong consequences of FGR, a propensity to develop metabolic syndrome and mental health abnormalities is notable (Low et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of toll-like receptor 4 deficiency on the response to uterine ischemia/reperfusion in mice

Thaete

Jilling

et al. 2013

Reproduction

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Our objective was to determine the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in uterine ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced fetal growth restriction (FGR). Pregnant TLR4-deficient and wild-type mice were subjected to I/R or a sham procedure. Fetal and placental weights were recorded and tissues were collected. Pep-1 (inhibits low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA) binding to TLR4) was used to determine whether LMW-HA-TLR4 interaction has a role in FGR. TLR4-deficient mice exhibited significantly lower baseline fetal weights compared with wild-type mice (P!0.05), along with extensive placental calcification that was not present in wild-type mice. Following I/R, fetal and placental weights were significantly reduced in wild-type (P!0.05) but not in TLR4-deficient mice. However, I/R increased fetal loss (P!0.05) only in TLR4-deficient mice. Corresponding with the reduced fetal weights, uterine myeloperoxidase activity increased in wild-type mice (P!0.001), indicating an inflammatory response, which was absent in TLR4-deficient mice. TLR4 was shown to have a regulatory role for two anti-inflammatory cytokines: interferon-B1 decreased only in wild-type mice (P!0.01) and interleukin-10 increased only in TLR4-deficient mice (P!0.001), in response to I/R. Pep-1 completely prevented I/R-induced FGR (P!0.001), indicating a potential role for the endogenous TLR4 ligand LMW-HA in I/R-induced FGR. In conclusion, uterine I/R in pregnancy produces FGR that is dependent on TLR4 and endogenous ligand(s), including breakdown products of HA. In addition, TLR4 may play a role in preventing pregnancy loss after uterine I/R.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of toll-like receptor 4 deficiency on the response to uterine ischemia/reperfusion in mice

Thaete

Jilling

et al. 2013

Reproduction

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“…Intrauterine growth delay appears in second place with 14% of all the stillborn and 6% of all the neonatal deaths 4. Recent studies concerning the influence of intrauterine gro w t h restriction (IUGR) in morbidity and mortality of p re t e rmnewborns have observed that each marker of IUGR was associated with increased mort a l ity and more adverse outcome [5][6][7][8] . A c c o rding to Lubchenco the importance of b i rt h weight and gestational age in the prognosis of n e w b o rnbabies is justified for the important ro l e that both re p resent in the maturation of many systems in preterm infants 9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

The influence of gestational age and birth weight in the clinical assesment of the muscle tone of healthy term and preterm newborns

Silva

Nunes

2005

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Objective: To evaluate the influence of gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) in the clinical assessment of the muscle tone of healthy term and pre t e rm newborn s . Method: C ross sectional study. The muscle tone of healthy 42 pre t e rm and 47 term newborns was quantified and measured with a goniometer (an instrument for measuring angles) respectively between 7 th -14 th day of life and 24-48 hours of life. Newborns were grouped according to GA and BW and evaluated at fixed time intervals by one examiner. P re t e rmnewborns were matched to term at 40 weeks postconceptional age (PCA). Results: The evolution of muscle tone in the pre t e rm occurred gradually, following PCA, independent of birth weight. Pre t e rm n e w b o rns had lower scores in all muscle tone indicators when compared to term at the first assessment. D i ff e rences were observed among pre t e rm small for GA and adequate to GA for the indicator heel to ear (p<0.001). When compared at 40 weeks PCA, except for posture, all other indicators were significantly diff e rent (p< 0.001) among gro u p s . Conclusion: P rematurity and intrauterine malnutrition are influential factors in some indicators of the newborn muscle tone state. Muscle tone assessment of pre t e rm infants does not seem to be influenced by birth weight, however evolution is clearly related to postconceptional age. When we compared term newborns AGA and SGA it seems to have a clear influence of the birt h weight on some indicators of the muscle tone. The use of devices such as the goniometer allows the perf o rmance of a more objective assessment of muscle tone and helps to quantify findings.KEY WORDS: preterm newborns, muscle tone, low birth weight, intrauterine malnutrition.A influência da idade gestacional e do peso ao nascimento na avaliação clínica do tono muscular de recém nascidos a termo e prematuros hígidos RESUMO -O b j e t i v o :Verificar a i n f l u ê n c i a da idade gestacional (IG) e do peso ao nascimento (PN) na avaliação do tono muscular de recém nascidos (RN) a termo e pre m a t u ros hígidos. Método: Estudo transvers a l . O tono muscular de 42 RN pre m a t u ros e 47 termo foi quantificado e mensurado com goniômetro (instru m e nto para medir ângulos), respectivamente entre 7-14 dias de vida e 24-48 horas de vida. Os RN foram agru p ados de acordo com IG e PN, sendo avaliados em intervalos fixos. RN prematuros foram comparados aos a t e rmo na 40ª semana de idade concepcional (IC). Resultados: A evolução do tono muscular nos RN pre m at u ros ocorreu de forma gradual de acordo com IC e independente do PN. RN pre m a t u ros, na primeira avaliação apresentaram escores de tono muscular inferiores aos de RN a termo em todos os indicadore s . Foram observadas diferenças entre RN pre m a t u ros pequenos e adequados para a IG em relação ao indicador calcanhar-o relha (p<0,001). O pareamento dos grupos na 40ª semana de IC mostra, exceto pela postura, diferença significativa entre os grupos (p< 0,001) nos demais indicadores. Conclusão: A prematurid...

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“…38,43,44,47 Monteiro et al 44 reported that rapid growth was not significantly associated with overweight or obesity risks among adolescents (ages 14-16 years) who had experienced IUGR (overweight prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.46 (0.70, 8.65); obesity: PR = 2.69 (0.22, 32.51)), but it was positively associated with obesity among adolescents who had not experienced IUGR (PR = 1.63 (1.10, 2.43)). This result warrants further study, since infants who experience IUGR have higher mortality than those who do not, 52 which is a potential competing risk to obesity, potentially biasing results towards the null. Kramer et al 43 compared SGA children who did and did not experience catch-up growth with AGA children who experienced normal growth and found no significant differences at age 11.5 years in BMI, percentage body fat, fat mass index, waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio.…”

Section: Measures Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between prenatal growth, postnatal growth and childhood obesity: a review

2017

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Evidence is accumulating that obesity risks become established early in life. The goal of this systematic review is to assess whether there is evidence that rapid postnatal growth holds different implications for childhood obesity risks for children who experienced different patterns of prenatal growth. We conducted systematic database searches in PubMed and Embase in October 2014 for studies assessing the implications of prenatal and postnatal growth for childhood obesity. The 18 studies meeting inclusion criteria indicated that risks of obesity increased with birthweight; risks of obesity also increased with rapid postnatal growth for children across the birthweight distribution. Fifteen studies indicated that rapid postnatal growth is linearly associated with obesity for children and adolescents of all sizes at birth, with no interaction effect. Three studies reported interaction effects with postnatal growth, conferring additional increased risk of obesity among children and adolescents who were small at birth. Both prenatal and postnatal growth are important risk factors for obesity, and their combined effects should be analyzed further to understand how obesity risks develop early in life.

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Intrauterine growth restriction increases morbidity and mortality among premature neonates

Cited by 408 publications

References 16 publications

Impact of toll-like receptor 4 deficiency on the response to uterine ischemia/reperfusion in mice

Impact of toll-like receptor 4 deficiency on the response to uterine ischemia/reperfusion in mice

The influence of gestational age and birth weight in the clinical assesment of the muscle tone of healthy term and preterm newborns

Relationship between prenatal growth, postnatal growth and childhood obesity: a review

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