Intrauterine growth retardation detected in several species by non-normal birthweight distributions

Wootton, R; Flecknell, P. A.; Royston, J. P.; John, Martin K

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0690659

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2.1.1 Intra-uterine growth restriction and susceptibility to infection and disease Low-birth-weight piglets in litters with high variation in birth weights experience intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), usually resulting in physiological dysfunctions and an increase in neonatal morbidity and mortality (Wootton et al, 1983;Aucott et al, 2004). In addition, IUGR neonates are more susceptible to infection or environmental changes due to an ineffective immune system (Cromi et al, 2009;Zhong et al, 2012), and IUGR animals have abnormal differences in size and histopathology of the thymus (Cromi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pre-weaning Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-litter variation in birth weight: impact of nutritional status in the sow

Yuan

Zhu

Shi

et al. 2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Accompanying the beneficial improvement in litter size from genetic selection for high-prolificacy sows, within-litter variation in birth weight has increased with detrimental effects on post-natal growth and survival due to an increase in the proportion of piglets with low birth-weight. Causes of within-litter variation in birth weight include breed characteristics that affect uterine space, ovulation rate, degree of maturation of oocytes, duration of time required for ovulation, interval between ovulation and fertilization, uterine capacity for implantation and placentation, size and efficiency of placental transport of nutrients, communication between conceptus/fetus and maternal systems, as well as nutritional status and environmental influences during gestation. Because these factors contribute to within-litter variation in birth weight, nutritional status of the sow to improve fetal-placental development must focus on the following three important stages in the reproductive cycle: pre-mating or weaning to estrus, early gestation and late gestation. The goal is to increase the homogeneity of development of oocytes and conceptuses, decrease variations in conceptus development during implantation and placentation, and improve birth weights of newborn piglets. Though some progress has been made in nutritional regulation of within-litter variation in the birth weight of piglets, additional studies, with a focus on and insights into molecular mechanisms of reproductive physiology from the aspects of maternal growth and offspring development, as well as their regulation by nutrients provided to the sow, are urgently needed.

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Section: Pre-weaning Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-litter variation in birth weight: impact of nutritional status in the sow

Yuan

Zhu

Shi

et al. 2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…Previous investigations had shown that, within the Institute herd, this method selects SGA as distinct from slightly small AGA animals (25). When birth weight is plotted against the cumulative sample proportion on normal probability paper, a litter without an SGA animal presents a single straight line, whereas SGA piglets appear as clear deviates from this line (26,27).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Modulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Expression in Early Postnatal Piglets

1994

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“…Therefore, they are susceptible to mortality and morbidity, developing cerebral palsy, hyaline membrane disease, apnea, intracranial hemorrhage, sepsis, retrolental fibroplasia, growth and neurocognitive deficiencies [2]. Low birth weight can result from either a short gestation period or retarded intrauterine growth (or a combination of both) [2] as reported for humans and animals of many polytocous species, including dogs [3]. Based on evidence of embryo transfer studies in the human, horse and sheep, the intrauterine environment in which the fetus develops seems to exert a profound effect on birth weight, suggesting a central maternal role in determining the birth weight [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A National Census of Birth Weight in Purebred Dogs in Italy

Groppetti

Pecile

Palestrini

et al. 2017

Animals

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Simple SummaryBirth weight is a key factor for neonatal mortality and morbidity in most mammalian species. The great morphological variability in size, body weight and breed, as well as in skeletal and cranial conformation makes it challenging to define birth weight standards in dogs. A total of 3293 purebred pups were surveyed to study which maternal aspects can determine birth weight considering head and body shape, size, body weight and breed in bitches, as well as litter size and sex in pups. In our sample, multivariate analysis outcomes suggested that birth weight and litter size were directly proportional to maternal size. The maternal body shape influenced both birth weight and litter size, whereas the maternal head shape had impact only on birth weight. Sex differences in birth weight were found. Birth weight and litter size also varied among breeds. The results of the present study could have practical implications allowing one to identify pups in need of admission to intensive nursing care, as occurs in humans. A deeper knowledge of the factors that significantly influence birth weight could positively affect the canine breeding management helping to prevent and reduce neonatal mortality.AbstractDespite increasing professionalism in dog breeding, the physiological range of birth weight in this species remains unclear. Low birth weight can predispose to neonatal mortality and growth deficiencies in humans. To date, the influence of the morphotype on birth weight has never been studied in dogs. For this purpose, an Italian census of birth weight was collected from 3293 purebred pups based on maternal morphotype, size, body weight and breed, as well as on litter size and sex of pups. Multivariate analysis outcomes showed that birth weight (p < 0.001) and litter size (p < 0.05) increased with maternal size and body weight. Birth weight was also influenced by the maternal head and body shape, with brachycephalic and brachymorph dogs showing the heaviest and the lightest pups, respectively (p < 0.001). Birth weight decreased with litter size (p < 0.001), and male pups were heavier than females (p < 0.001). These results suggest that canine morphotype, not only maternal size and body weight, can affect birth weight and litter size with possible practical implications in neonatal assistance.

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Intrauterine growth retardation detected in several species by non-normal birthweight distributions

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

Within-litter variation in birth weight: impact of nutritional status in the sow

Within-litter variation in birth weight: impact of nutritional status in the sow

Nutritional Modulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Expression in Early Postnatal Piglets

A National Census of Birth Weight in Purebred Dogs in Italy

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