Intrauterine transmission, pregnant outcomes after infection of SARS-CoV-2 during first or second trimester: a small cohort study during Omicron stage

Abstract

Background The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed significant public health challenges. Although vaccination provides protection against severe COVID-19, its efficacy against infection and mild symptoms wanes, leaving pregnant women, who are at an increased risk of severe complications, vulnerable. Methods In a prospective study conducted from January 31 to February 28, 2023, 225 women with 239 fetuses underwent chromosomal microarray analysis via amniocentesis. Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA to ensure negativity prior to the procedure. Maternal and infection-related data were collected, and amniotic fluid samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using qRT-PCR. Pregnancy outcomes were assessed through obstetric ultrasound and follow-ups. Results None of the 140 amniotic fluid samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, indicating no intrauterine transmission. There were no significant differences in the rates of premature delivery or birth weight between the groups infected in the first and second trimesters. Conclusion The study found no evidence of vertical transmission or adverse pregnancy outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first and second trimesters. The impact of Omicron variant infection during these periods was mild, suggesting that amniocentesis beyond the acute stage of COVID-19 is safe.