Intravascular hemolysis induced by the venom of the Eastern coral snake, Micrurus fulvius, in a mouse model: Identification of directly hemolytic phospholipases A2

Arce-Bejarano, Ruth; Lomonte, Bruno; Gutiérrez, José Marı́a

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.07.010

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Arce-Bejarano et al [200] confirmed that catalytically active PLA 2 s are responsible for the hemolysis and identified one of the three active fractions as being identical to PLA 2 2b reported by Margres et al [1]. In vitro, dog and mouse erythrocytes were found to be highly susceptible to the PLA 2 s, while those of rabbits and humans were unaffected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Coralsnake Venomics: Analyses of Venom Gland Transcriptomes and Proteomes of Six Brazilian Taxa

Aird

Silva

Qiu

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Venom gland transcriptomes and proteomes of six Micrurus taxa (M. corallinus, M. lemniscatus carvalhoi, M. lemniscatus lemniscatus, M. paraensis, M. spixii spixii, and M. surinamensis) were investigated, providing the most comprehensive, quantitative data on Micrurus venom composition to date, and more than tripling the number of Micrurus venom protein sequences previously available. The six venomes differ dramatically. All are dominated by 2–6 toxin classes that account for 91–99% of the toxin transcripts. The M. s. spixii venome is compositionally the simplest. In it, three-finger toxins (3FTxs) and phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) comprise >99% of the toxin transcripts, which include only four additional toxin families at levels ≥0.1%. Micrurus l. lemniscatus venom is the most complex, with at least 17 toxin families. However, in each venome, multiple structural subclasses of 3FTXs and PLA2s are present. These almost certainly differ in pharmacology as well. All venoms also contain phospholipase B and vascular endothelial growth factors. Minor components (0.1–2.0%) are found in all venoms except that of M. s. spixii. Other toxin families are present in all six venoms at trace levels (<0.005%). Minor and trace venom components differ in each venom. Numerous novel toxin chemistries include 3FTxs with previously unknown 8- and 10-cysteine arrangements, resulting in new 3D structures and target specificities. 9-cysteine toxins raise the possibility of covalent, homodimeric 3FTxs or heterodimeric toxins with unknown pharmacologies. Probable muscarinic sequences may be reptile-specific homologs that promote hypotension via vascular mAChRs. The first complete sequences are presented for 3FTxs putatively responsible for liberating glutamate from rat brain synaptosomes. Micrurus C-type lectin-like proteins may have 6–9 cysteine residues and may be monomers, or homo- or heterodimers of unknown pharmacology. Novel KSPIs, 3× longer than any seen previously, appear to have arisen in three species by gene duplication and fusion. Four species have transcripts homologous to the nociceptive toxin, (MitTx) α-subunit, but all six species had homologs to the β-subunit. The first non-neurotoxic, non-catalytic elapid phospholipase A2s are reported. All are probably myonecrotic. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the six taxa diverged 15–35 million years ago and that they split from their last common ancestor with Old World elapines nearly 55 million years ago. Given their early diversification, many cryptic micrurine taxa are anticipated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The difference appeared related to a high ratio of phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin in erythrocyte plasma membranes. Mechanical stress, after incubation with venom, significantly increased hemolysis, suggesting that in vivo shear stresses associated with circulation probably contribute to cell lysis [200]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coralsnake Venomics: Analyses of Venom Gland Transcriptomes and Proteomes of Six Brazilian Taxa

Aird

Silva

Qiu

et al. 2017

Toxins

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“…Coral snake venom contains potent α‐neurotoxins that competitively block the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor site of the neuromuscular junction, leading to diffuse lower motor neuron signs ranging from generalized musculoskeletal weakness to paralysis and death by ventilatory failure . In addition to the potent neurotoxin, coral snake venom contains phospholipase A 2 that can cause intravascular hemolysis in some dogs and rodents, clinically manifesting as hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinemia, and anemia . In contrast to pit viper envenomation, hematologic changes such as echinocytosis is uncommonly reported in dogs (10%) and horses (19%) undergoing treatment for coral snake envenomation and has not been investigated in cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective evaluation of Micrurus fulvius (Eastern coral snake) envenomation and the use of mechanical ventilation in dogs and a cat (2011–2016): 8 cases

Campos

Allen-Durrance

Schaer

et al. 2019

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective: To describe the use of mechanical ventilation (MV) in the management of Eastern coral snake envenomation in 7 dogs and a cat.Design: Retrospective study (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016). Setting: University teaching hospital.Animals: Seven dogs and 1 cat receiving MV for ventilatory failure secondary to Eastern coral snake envenomation. Interventions: None. Measurement and Main Results:The medical records of 8 animals that received MV following Eastern coral snake envenomation were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, time to veterinary assessment, physical and laboratory characteristics at arrival, clinical course during hospitalization, management including antivenom administration, MV settings, duration of ventilation, length of hospitalization, cost of care, and survival to discharge. The mean ± SD age was 4 ± 3.2 years. Median (range) time to onset of clinical signs was 30 (5-240) minutes. Coral snake antivenom was administered to 7 of the 8 animals following arrival at a median (range) of 30 (5-90) minutes. All animals had progressive hypoventilation and received MV, specifically volume controlled, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure support. The median (range) duration of MV was 58 (25-84) hours and the median (range) duration of hospitalization was 8.2 (6-11) days. Ventilator associated complications occurred in all animals, but overall outcome was excellent with 7 of 8 surviving to discharge. No dog, but the 1 cat, had an adverse reaction to antivenom. Conclusions:Ventilatory failure secondary to Eastern coral snake envenomation necessitating MV carries an excellent prognosis and is better than reported for other causes of lower motor neuron disease. Successful response to ventilation was achieved even with associated complications being common in this cohort of animals. K E Y W O R D Shypoventilation, environmental toxins, neuromuscular disorders, peripheral nervous system disorders, respiratory failure Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; MV, mechanical ventilation; PEEP, peak end expiratory pressure.

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“…β 0 -thalassemia/HbE is traditionally classified as a disease with extravascular hemolysis in addition to ineffective erythropoiesis (5). However, previous studies have provided evidence of intravascular hemolysis as indicated by increased serum-free Hb levels and depleted levels of plasma haptoglobin protein (30,31). Several conventional techniques have been developed for the assessment of hemolysis, including the detection of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum haptoglobin and serum-free Hb levels, as well as urine-free Hb, urine hemosiderin, and erythrocyte survival and indirect bilirubin tests (32,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma microRNA-451 as a novel hemolytic marker for β0-thalassemia/HbE disease

Leecharoenkiat

Tanaka

Harada

et al. 2017

Molecular Medicine Reports

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In Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, β0-thalassemia/hemoglobin E (HbE) disease is a common hereditary hematological disease. It is associated with pathophysiological processes, such as the intramedullary destruction of immature erythroid cells and peripheral hemolysis of mature red blood cells. MicroRNA (miR) sequences, which are short non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression in a suppressive manner, serve a crucial role in human erythropoiesis. In the present study, the plasma levels of the erythroid-expressed miRNAs, miR-451 and miR-155, were analyzed in 23 patients with β0-thalassemia/HbE and 16 control subjects. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed significantly higher levels of plasma miR-451 and miR-155 in β0-thalassemia/HbE patients when compared to the control subjects. Notably, among the β0-thalassemia/HbE patients, a significant increase in miR-451 levels was detected in severe cases when compared with mild cases. The levels of plasma miR-451 correlated with reticulocyte and platelet counts. The results suggest that increased plasma miR-451 levels may be associated with the degree of hemolysis and accelerated erythropoiesis in β0-thalassemia/HbE patients. In conclusion, miR-451 may represent a relevant biomarker for pathological erythropoiesis associated with β0-thalassemia/HbE.

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Intravascular hemolysis induced by the venom of the Eastern coral snake, Micrurus fulvius, in a mouse model: Identification of directly hemolytic phospholipases A2

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

Coralsnake Venomics: Analyses of Venom Gland Transcriptomes and Proteomes of Six Brazilian Taxa

Coralsnake Venomics: Analyses of Venom Gland Transcriptomes and Proteomes of Six Brazilian Taxa

Retrospective evaluation of Micrurus fulvius (Eastern coral snake) envenomation and the use of mechanical ventilation in dogs and a cat (2011–2016): 8 cases

Plasma microRNA-451 as a novel hemolytic marker for β0-thalassemia/HbE disease

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