Intravenous antibiotic regimens and prophylaxis of odontogenic bacteraemia

Roberts, Graham; Holzel, Helen

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4801617

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…These four highest scoring papers all reported a power analysis, however there was no rationale provided for the small sample size (n = 36 patients) in the Vergis et al study. 18 Only four studies 12,15,18,20 included oral disease status in their description of patients' key characteristics, a description not mentioned in the seven other papers. Because poor oral health could be a risk factor for postoperative bacteremia or other infection, it would be important to account for oral health in these studies to avoid potential confounding.…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Because poor oral health could be a risk factor for postoperative bacteremia or other infection, it would be important to account for oral health in these studies to avoid potential confounding. BACTEC (Becton Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, USA) instrumented blood culture system was used monitor bacterial blood levels for the four studies 12,15,18,20 In a RCT, Bulut et al 14 analyzed pre-and postoperative serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AT) measurements, two acute phase proteins that rise in the setting of inflammation and tissue injury. After preoperative and postoperative administration of 500 mg amoxicillin trihydrate, there were no significant differences between experimental and control patients in the levels of acute phase proteins.…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative complications after tooth extraction and implant placement: A review of the literature

Schwartz

Larson

2007

Journal of Dentistry

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Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative complications after tooth extraction and implant placement: A review of the literature

Schwartz

Larson

2007

Journal of Dentistry

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“…To our knowledge, neither oral cephradine nor cephalexin has been studied in randomized controlled trials for the prevention of bacteremia with dental procedures. Parenteral ampicillin has not been widely studied for the prevention of bacteremia for dental procedures; only one study has described the rate of dental bacteremia after prophylactic intravenous ampicillin, which was found to be 17% (seven of forty-two patients) 46 . While parenteral clindamycin and cefazolin have not been specifically studied for this indication, they are antibiotics used extensively for preoperative prophylaxis.…”

Section: Guidelines From Professional Societiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Disease and Periprosthetic Joint Infection

Young

Hirsh

Hammerberg

et al. 2014

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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➤ The number of patients with end-stage osteoarthritis is increasing, and treatment with hip and knee arthroplasty is expected to increase over the next several decades. ➤ Dental disease has long been anecdotally associated with increased periprosthetic joint infections, although case-control studies do not support this relationship. ➤ While most recent guidelines for the prevention of endocarditis have favored treatment of fewer patients, the most recent recommendations for prevention of periprosthetic joint infection have increased the number of patients who would receive antibiotics before a dental procedure. ➤ Antibiotics given before a dental procedure decrease the risk of bacteremia from the oral cavity, but this is of uncertain clinical importance. ➤ The number of patients who would require antibiotics before dental procedures to prevent one periprosthetic joint infection greatly outnumbers the number of patients who would experience an adverse event associated with antibiotics given before a dental procedure.

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“…Some authors have evaluated the efficacy of parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis (intramuscular or intravenous) on the reduction of the prevalence of bacteremia following dental manipulations (Elliott and Dunbar, 1968;Baltch et al, 1982a,b;Hess et al, 1983;Kaneko et al, 1995;Roberts and Holzel, 2002) (Table 4). One trial demonstrated that prophylaxis with intramuscular benzylpenicillin was more effective in children in the prevention of post-extraction bacteremia (8% vs. 55% in the controls) than 3 oral doses of 125-250 mg of penicillin (36% vs. 55% in the controls) (Elliott and Dunbar, 1968).…”

Section: ) Efficacy Of Antibiotic Prophylaxis In the Prevention Of Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Antibiotic Prophylactic Regimens for the Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis of Oral Origin

2007

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Despite the controversy about the risk of individuals developing bacterial endocarditis of oral origin, numerous Expert Committees in different countries continue to publish prophylactic regimens for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis secondary to dental procedures. In this paper, we analyze the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of bacteremia following dental manipulations and in the prevention of bacterial endocarditis (in both animal models and human studies). Antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines remain consensus-based, and there is scientific evidence of the efficacy of amoxicillin in the prevention of bacteremia following dental procedures, although the results reported do not confirm the efficacy of other recommended antibiotics. The majority of studies on experimental models of bacterial endocarditis have verified the efficacy of antibiotics administered after the induction of bacteremia, confirming the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in later stages in the development of bacterial endocarditis. There is no scientific evidence that prophylaxis with penicillin is effective in reducing bacterial endocarditis secondary to dental procedures in patients considered to be "at risk". It has been suggested that there is a high risk of severe allergic reactions secondary to prophylactically administered penicillins, but, in reality, very few cases have been reported in the literature. It has been demonstrated that antibiotic prophylaxis could contribute to the development of bacterial resistance, but only after the administration of several consecutive doses. Future research on bacterial endocarditis prophylactic protocols should involve the re-evaluation of the time and route of administration of antibiotic prophylaxis, and a search for alternative antimicrobials.

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Intravenous antibiotic regimens and prophylaxis of odontogenic bacteraemia

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative complications after tooth extraction and implant placement: A review of the literature

Antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative complications after tooth extraction and implant placement: A review of the literature

Dental Disease and Periprosthetic Joint Infection

Efficacy of Antibiotic Prophylactic Regimens for the Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis of Oral Origin

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