Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of childhood encephalitis

Iro, Mildred A; Martin, Natalie G; Absoud, Michael; Pollard, Andrew J.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011367

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…We suggest in accordance with local guidelines, 8 that children with encephalitis should be empirically treated with oseltamivir during the influenza season (May to October). The evidence for use of immunotherapy (IVIg, corticosteroids) in IAE, is limited 27,28 however, in our case series, most children with IAE were treated with first-line immunotherapy with uncertain benefit. No serious side effects were reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

CSF neopterin, a useful biomarker in children presenting with influenza associated encephalopathy?

Macdonald-Laurs

Koirala

Britton

et al. 2019

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

CSF neopterin, a useful biomarker in children presenting with influenza associated encephalopathy?

Macdonald-Laurs

Koirala

Britton

et al. 2019

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology

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“…In addition, it has been applied to the therapy of autoimmune and inflammatory neurological disorders, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, myasthenia gravis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and autoimmune encephalitis [24]. Although IVIg has been used off-label for the treatment of encephalitis caused by enterovirus 71, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus, there is a lack of clinical studies on the efficacy and safe-ty of IVIg for viral encephalitis [25][26][27]. Since 2015, the first randomized controlled trial, has been conducted to evaluate the effect of IVIg treatment in pediatric encephalitis of any cause [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Pediatric Viral Encephalitis

Byun

Lee

2020

Ann Child Neurol

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Encephalitis is a clinical syndrome resulting from the inflammation of the brain parenchyma [1,2]. It presents with neurological dysfunctions, such as altered consciousness. The global incidence of encephalitis was reported to be 4.3 million cases in 2015, of which 150,000 patients had died [3,4]. Encephalitis is caused by direct in-Purpose: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is considered as a first-line therapy for autoimmune encephalitis. However, its effectiveness in viral encephalitis has yet to be evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of IVIg therapy for pediatric viral encephalitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 35 pediatric patients who were hospitalized with confirmed or suspected viral encephalitis. Twenty patients (57.1%) were treated with IVIg in conjunction with conventional therapy (IVIg-treated group), and 15 patients (42.9%) were treated with conventional therapy (non-IVIg-treated group). We compared the clinical characteristics of the groups at admission and their clinical outcomes. Results: Compared to the non-IVIg-treated group, the IVIg-treated group had more critical clinical features at admission, with a lower score on the pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (mean±standard deviation, 9.1±2.3 vs. 10.8±2.7, P=0.025), longer fever duration (3.5±2.2 days vs. 1.8±1.1 days, P=0.022), and higher incidence of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities (14/19 [73.7%] vs. 3/15 [20.0%], P=0.002). Nevertheless, the clinical outcomes of the IVIg-treated group were comparable to those of the non-IVIg-treated group in terms of mortality rate (1/20 [5.0%] vs. 0/15 [0%]), neurological deficits at discharge (2/20 [10.0%] vs. 1/15 [6.7%]), and occurrence of epilepsy (5/20 [25.0%] vs. 2/15 [13.3%]). Fourteen (70.0%) and 13 (85.7%) patients in the IVIg-treated and the non-IVIg-treated groups, respectively, achieved complete recovery without any neurological complications. Conclusion: IVIg may be considered as a potential immunomodulating agent when treating critical pediatric viral encephalitis to improve neuropsychological outcomes.

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“…19 A Cochrane review on the use of IVIG in childhood encephalitis, the second most common indication category for IVIG administration in our cohort, is under way. 20 Given the increasing description of autoantibodyassociated encephalitis syndromes and the emerging evidence of improved outcomes with early immune therapy, it seems fair to consider IVIG treatment for these. 21 In our cohort, the proportion of patients who received IVIG for indications not strongly recommended or not listed in the current available guidelines was higher than in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous immunoglobulin in paediatric neurology: safety, adherence to guidelines, and long‐term outcome

Nosadini

Mohammad

Suppiej

et al. 2016

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of childhood encephalitis

Abstract: Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of childhood encephalitis.

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

CSF neopterin, a useful biomarker in children presenting with influenza associated encephalopathy?

CSF neopterin, a useful biomarker in children presenting with influenza associated encephalopathy?

Effectiveness of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Pediatric Viral Encephalitis

Intravenous immunoglobulin in paediatric neurology: safety, adherence to guidelines, and long‐term outcome

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