Intraventricular Flow Simulations in Singular Right Ventricles Reveal Deteriorated Washout and Low Vortex Formation

Grünwald, Anna; Wilmanns, Nadja; Winkler, Christian; Linden, Katharina; Herberg, Ulrike; Groß-Hardt, Sascha; Steinseifer, Ulrich; Neidlin, Michael

doi:10.1007/s13239-021-00598-9

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…At the inlet (pulmonary veins) and outlet (ascending AO) pressure curves of a volunteer, assessed with the CircAdapt tool (CircAdapt, NL) were applied. For further information on setup, mesh and user defined movement, see [18,28].…”

Section: Moving Mesh Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first approach to numerically assess the hemodynamics within the moving domain was MM based on Grünwald et al [18] and Korte et al [28]. The 3D incompressible Navier–Stokes‐Equations were solved in ANSYS Fluent (v.2021R2, ANSYS Inc.) and the method was implemented by using user‐defined c‐functions within the solver.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in 90

\cdotp

14 = 1260 surfaces, which prescribe the wall movement and were loaded into the setup with each time step. This resulted in a time step size of 0.6 ms (for further information, see [18] and [28]). At the inlet (pulmonary veins) and outlet (ascending AO) pressure curves of a volunteer, assessed with the CircAdapt tool (CircAdapt, NL) were applied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As literature on inter‐model and inter‐modality analyses is lacking, within this study, a comparison of the application of two CFD simulation approaches to compute intracardiac flow of a volunteer is carried out. The approaches for the inter‐model comparison are based on published methods in Grünwald et al [18] and Obermeier et al [37]. Furthermore, two different medical imaging methodologies, namely MRI and TTE, were applied to acquire images for an inter‐modality comparison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter‐model and inter‐modality analysis of left ventricular hemodynamics: Comparative study of two CFD approaches based on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging

Obermeier,

Korte,

Vellguth

et al. 2024

GAMM-Mitteilungen

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) carry the potential to provide detailed insights into intraventricular hemodynamics and complement in vivo flow measurement techniques. A variety of CFD approaches emerged in recent years, mostly building solely on medical image data as patient‐specific input. While the utilized medical imaging method and chosen CFD approach both influence the computed hemodynamics, thereto related differences are rarely investigated. The present study addresses this issue with an inter‐(imaging)‐modality and inter‐model comparison of intracardiac flow computations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) data of a volunteer were acquired and used to reconstruct the anatomical structures. For each modality, the reconstructed shapes were applied in two previously introduced CFD approaches to compute whole‐cycle ventricular flow patterns. While both methods involved benefits and challenges, similar valve velocities were computed, being in accordance with in vivo 4D flow MRI and pulsed‐wave Doppler velocity measurements (systolic peak velocity: 1.24–1.26 m/s (MRI), 0.9–1.25 m/s (TTE); diastolic peak velocity: 0.54 m/s (MRI), 0.59–0.75 m/s (TTE)). A detailed flow analysis with vortex formation, kinetic energy, and mid‐ventricular velocities indicated the computed inter‐modality differences to be larger than inter‐method ones. Quantitatively, this could be observed in the direct flow rate ( inter‐modality: 13, inter‐method, 3). These results help to gain trust in CFD approaches to compute intraventricular flow and emphasize the importance of standardized input data. Future studies, however, should consider a broader data base.

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Section: Moving Mesh Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in 90

\cdotp

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter‐model and inter‐modality analysis of left ventricular hemodynamics: Comparative study of two CFD approaches based on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging

Obermeier,

Korte,

Vellguth

et al. 2024

GAMM-Mitteilungen

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“…Additional engineering applications can be found in mitigating acoustic output (Ho & Nosseir 1979;Liu et al 2021) and enhancing heat transfer (Cornaro, Fleischer & Goldstein 1999) from impinging jets. More commonly, biological applications of vortex-cavity interactions arise during filling of the left ventricle through the mitral valve during diastole (Faludi et al 2010;Markl, Kilner & Ebbers 2011;Kheradvar & Falahatpisheh 2012;Sotiropoulos, Le & Gilmanov 2016;Le et al 2019;Grünwald et al 2022), during jellyfish locomotion (Dabiri et al 2005;Gemmell et al 2013;Hoover, Griffith & Miller 2017;Gemmell, Colin & Costello 2018;Costello et al 2021), and even in replacement (i.e. tracheoesophageal) speech (Erath & Hemsing 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of vortex ring impingement on concave hemispherical cavities

Ahmed

Erath

2023

J. Fluid Mech.

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Discrete vortex rings impinging on concave hemispherical cavities were explored experimentally. Planar laser-induced fluorescence, two-dimensional particle image velocimetry and flow visualization techniques were employed. Five different ratios of vortex ring to hemisphere cavity radius ( $\gamma$ ) were investigated, namely, $\gamma = 1/4,1/3,2/5,$ $1/2, 2/3$ . For $\gamma = 1/4,1/3, 2/5$ , the geometric confinement of the primary ring due to the hemispherical cavity induced loop-like instabilities in the secondary ring, which led to head-on collision and ejection of the looped ends as they orbited the primary ring. As the hemispherical cavity decreased in diameter (increasing $\gamma$ ), the dynamics were altered significantly due to the increased generation of vorticity along the edge of the hemisphere. For $\gamma = 1/2$ , vorticity produced at the edge/lip of the hemisphere ultimately disrupted the classical formation of a secondary vortex ring from the wall-bounded vorticity. For $\gamma = 2/3$ , the primary ring and hemisphere radius were close enough in size that the interaction was dominated by direct impact of the primary ring with the lip of the cavity. The primary vortex ring produced a vortex ring at the lip of the hemisphere that ultimately separated from the cavity, orbited around the primary ring, and then self-advected in the direction opposite to the primary vortex ring trajectory. A detailed investigation of the dynamics provided.

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CT-Based Analysis of Left Ventricular Hemodynamics Using Statistical Shape Modeling and Computational Fluid Dynamics

Goubergrits

Vellguth

Obermeier

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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BackgroundCardiac computed tomography (CCT) based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) allows to assess intracardiac flow features, which are hypothesized as an early predictor for heart diseases and may support treatment decisions. However, the understanding of intracardiac flow is challenging due to high variability in heart shapes and contractility. Using statistical shape modeling (SSM) in combination with CFD facilitates an intracardiac flow analysis. The aim of this study is to prove the usability of a new approach to describe various cohorts.Materials and MethodsCCT data of 125 patients (mean age: 60.6 ± 10.0 years, 16.8% woman) were used to generate SSMs representing aneurysmatic and non-aneurysmatic left ventricles (LVs). Using SSMs, seven group-averaged LV shapes and contraction fields were generated: four representing patients with and without aneurysms and with mild or severe mitral regurgitation (MR), and three distinguishing aneurysmatic patients with true, intermediate aneurysms, and globally hypokinetic LVs. End-diastolic LV volumes of the groups varied between 258 and 347 ml, whereas ejection fractions varied between 21 and 26%. MR degrees varied from 1.0 to 2.5. Prescribed motion CFD was used to simulate intracardiac flow, which was analyzed regarding large-scale flow features, kinetic energy, washout, and pressure gradients.ResultsSSMs of aneurysmatic and non-aneurysmatic LVs were generated. Differences in shapes and contractility were found in the first three shape modes. Ninety percent of the cumulative shape variance is described with approximately 30 modes. A comparison of hemodynamics between all groups found shape-, contractility- and MR-dependent differences. Disturbed blood washout in the apex region was found in the aneurysmatic cases. With increasing MR, the diastolic jet becomes less coherent, whereas energy dissipation increases by decreasing kinetic energy. The poorest blood washout was found for the globally hypokinetic group, whereas the weakest blood washout in the apex region was found for the true aneurysm group.ConclusionThe proposed CCT-based analysis of hemodynamics combining CFD with SSM seems promising to facilitate the analysis of intracardiac flow, thus increasing the value of CCT for diagnostic and treatment decisions. With further enhancement of the computational approach, the methodology has the potential to be embedded in clinical routine workflows and support clinicians.

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Intraventricular Flow Simulations in Singular Right Ventricles Reveal Deteriorated Washout and Low Vortex Formation

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Inter‐model and inter‐modality analysis of left ventricular hemodynamics: Comparative study of two CFD approaches based on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging

Inter‐model and inter‐modality analysis of left ventricular hemodynamics: Comparative study of two CFD approaches based on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging

Experimental study of vortex ring impingement on concave hemispherical cavities

CT-Based Analysis of Left Ventricular Hemodynamics Using Statistical Shape Modeling and Computational Fluid Dynamics

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