Intraventricular “RISA” as a Diagnostic Aid in Pre- and Postoperative Hydrocephalus

Acquired hydrocephalus IV. Determination of the absorption rate of albumin from the cerebrospinal fluid

“…It was rendered likely that both the formation rate and the absorption rate of albumin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are reduced in hydrocephalus 33 Determinations of the absorption rate of the CSF have previously been performed in intrathecal perfusion or infusion tests 28, 34, 35, 40, 41, ~ or by measurements of intrathecally injected radioactive albumin into blood and urine, disregarding the individual rates, at which the albumin molecule is exchanged between the blood and extravascular phase 2,7,15 The purpose of this study was: 1. to describe a method for the calculation of the absorption rate of albumin between the CSF and serum, in which regard was paid to the exchange rates of albumin between the serum and extravascular phase, Analytic model for the synthesis, distribution, and metabolism of the albumin molecule in the organism. )~1 and k3 are the rate constants for the exchange of albumin between the serum and extravascular phase; )v~ the absorption rate of CSF-albumin 2. to study whether the absorption rate of albumin in the CSF (CSF-albumin) is reduced in acquired hydrocephalus, and 3. to find out whether the retention curve for intraventricularly injected ~tI-albumin determined by QIV ~9 can be used as a measure of the absorption rate.…”

Cerebral Angiography and Evaluation of Functional Status of Shunts in Hydrocephalic Children

“…Proper evaluation of the passage of fluids through the shunting system is difficult to achieve though attempts have been made by injecting radioactive material into either the subarachnoid spaces, the ventricles or a flushing device [1][2][3][4][5], Encephalography, ventriculography and arteriography may be used as contrast studies. We have found cerebral angiography to be of particular value and to provide much more information than either of the other two studies [6], Those tests which permit one to evaluate the status of the ventricular system are pneumoencephalography, ventriculography and angiography.…”

Decreased cerebrospinal fluid absorption during abdominal insufflation

“…Studies in humans have used 100 microcuries in 2 cc of normal saline for the standard injected dose of RISA [1,3,4,6]. The absorption of RISA into the systemic circulation from the CSF is slow, reaching a plateau after ∼16-24 h [2][3][4]6]. However, measurable differences between hydrocephalic and normal patients can be seen 2 h after injection [2].…”

“…The absorption of RISA into the systemic circulation from the CSF is slow, reaching a plateau after ∼16-24 h [2][3][4]6]. However, measurable differences between hydrocephalic and normal patients can be seen 2 h after injection [2]. Injection of RISA at the lumbar intrathecal space is preferable over instillation in the ventricles because diffusion of RISA in the CSF requires >4 h to reach equilibrium in the supine animal [9].…”