Intravitreal Gnathostomiasis and Review of Literature

Bhattacharjee, Harsha; Das, Dipankar; Medhi, Jnanankar

doi:10.1097/01.iae.0000224943.98423.e3

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is also highly supportive of CNS disease, with reported levels of 5 to 94% and a total CSF white cell count of up to 500/mm 3 (range, 20 to 1420/mm 3 ), but may also be found with several other parasites, e.g., Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Toxocara canis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Paragonimus westermani, Fasciola hepatica, and Trichinella spiralis and with schistosomiasis, neurocystercercosis, and other infections such as coccidiodomycosis and aspergillus infection (5,21). Noninfectious conditions involving the CNS should also be considered (e.g., lymphoma, particularly Hodgkin's) (40).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gnathostomiasis, Another Emerging Imported Disease

2009

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SUMMARY Gnathostomiasis is a food-borne zoonosis caused by the late-third stage larvae of Gnathostoma spp. It is being seen with increasing frequency in countries where it is not endemic and should be regarded as another emerging imported disease. Previously, its foci of endemicity have been confined to Southeast Asia and Central and South America, but its geographical boundaries appear to be increasing, with recent reports of infection in tourists returning from southern Africa. It has a complex life cycle involving at least two intermediate hosts, with humans being accidental hosts in which the larvae cannot reach sexual maturity. The main risks for acquisition are consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater fish and geographical exposure. Infection results in initial nonspecific symptoms followed by cutaneous and/or visceral larva migrans, with the latter carrying high morbidity and mortality rates if there is central nervous system involvement. We review the literature and describe the epidemiology, life cycle, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gnathostomiasis.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gnathostomiasis, Another Emerging Imported Disease

2009

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“…Males remain unknown among some cephalobes such as Halicephalobus 52 Table 2Length of spicules of nematodes reported to infect the eye as larvae.SpeciesUsual site in definitive hostRange of length of spicules (μm)RightLeft Baylisascaris procyonis 2 , 47 , 48 Raccoon380–620380–620 Gnathostoma species 2 , 18 , 49 Carnivores400–8001100–2600 Toxocara canis 2 , 18 Dog750–1300750–1300 Toxocara cati 2 , 50 Cat1700–19001700–1900 Trichinella spiralis 51 Human, swine, bears, raccoon, foxesNo spicules…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though this may have been a mechanism in one patient who was a contact lens wearer (Case 3), there was no source of trauma or microtrauma in the other two cases. Rare corneal involvement has been documented with onchocerciasis 2 , 12 and gnathostomiasis 49 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new worm infiltrating the human cornea: A report of three cases

McBurney-Lin

Khorram

Gee³

et al. 2018

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

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PurposeTo characterize a new species of parasitic nematode that triggers uveitis.ObservationsThree previously healthy, relatively young people each contracted a corneal stromal nematode that, upon surgical removal and examination, did not match any known nematodes. Clinical ocular findings included corneal opacification, visible corneal worms, conjunctival injection, and uveitis.Conclusions and ImportanceThe three cases presented here represent a previously undescribed parasitic infection of the cornea by an unidentified nematode. These findings may represent a previously unrecognized zoonotic infection from wildlife sources and potentially a newly documented nematode requiring description. Future clinical findings regarding this newly described nematode are needed to further develop our understanding of the disease.

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“…49 The commonest ocular feature is anterior uveitis. 50,51,52 There are other ocular features like lid swelling, iris atrophy, iris holes, intraocular haemorrhage, glaucoma, retinal scars and retinal detachment.…”

Section: Onchocerca Volvulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Eye Disease in India and the World- A Major Review

Sarkar¹,

Bhattacharayya²,

Choudhuri³

et al. 2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDParasites are a group of eukaryotic organisms. They may be free living, may form symbiotic relationships or form parasitic relationships with the hosts. The total number of recognised species of parasites are over 800,000. They may be unicellular or multicellular. Unicellular parasites include protozoa, while multicellular parasites include helminths and arthropods. The parasites are associated with human beings since the beginning of civilisation. The parasitic diseases are present worldwide including India. In addition to the already prevalent diseases, newer diseases are emerging in the clinical scenario. The systemic diseases like cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, hydatidosis and toxoplasmosis are common. Acquired toxoplasma infections are rising in incidence in immunodeficient individuals. Cestodes, trematodes, tissue flagellates and sporozoa affect human beings commonly including their eyes in different parts of the world. They thus constitute a real health problem globally. The basics of parasitology lie in morphological and pathological studies. This scope has extended further with recent updates in molecular parasitology. The present review discusses the principal ocular parasites found in India and the world with reference to microbiological and pathological aspects and gives outlines of management.

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Intravitreal Gnathostomiasis and Review of Literature

Cited by 34 publications

References 14 publications

Gnathostomiasis, Another Emerging Imported Disease

Gnathostomiasis, Another Emerging Imported Disease

A new worm infiltrating the human cornea: A report of three cases

Parasitic Eye Disease in India and the World- A Major Review

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