Intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling benign prostatic growth

Lee, Chung; Kozlowski, James M.; Grayhack, John T.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(19970501)31:2<131::aid-pros9>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 99 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…The aetiology of BPH remains unclear, although evidence suggests a strong association with aging and an imbalance of sex hormones [18]. However, factors other than androgenic activity must be considered in the pathogenesis of BPH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitric oxide synthase 2 gene polymorphisms are associated with prostatic volume in Korean men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Yoo¹,

Kim²,

Chung³

et al. 2010

Asian J Androl

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The precise aetiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear; however, it is known that immunological inflammatory processes have a role in the pathogenesis of BPH initiation and progression. Nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) inducible expression is closely correlated with prostatic disease, including prostate cancer and BPH. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between NOS2 polymorphisms and BPH. With a cohort of 205 controls and 229 BPH subjects, we genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NOS2 gene, including rs2779248 (promoter, −278 T/C), rs10459953 (5′-untranslated region) and rs2297518 (exon 16, missense, Ser608Leu), using direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The genotypic and allelic frequencies between control and BPH subjects were compared, and the associations among the BPH subjects were analyzed. SNPStats, SNPAnalyzer and HelixTree programmes were used to analyze SNPs. There was no association on SNPs between control and BPH subjects. When BPH subjects were analyzed, there was no association on SNPs between the low and high prostate-specific antigen groups. However, one SNP (rs10459953, odds ratio [OR] = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.65, P < 0.0001, in codominant model; OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.12-0.46, P < 0.0001, in dominant model; and OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24-0.86, P = 0.015, in recessive model) was associated with prostatic volume in BPH. We detected a strong association in genotype frequencies of NOS2 SNP (rs10459953) between subjects with small and large prostatic volume in BPH. The result suggests that NOS2 may be associated with prostatic volume in BPH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…* P-value was tested using Fisher's exact test. npg sex hormones, cytokines and active molecules involved in immune and inflammatory responses [18]. Recently, immunological processes and inflammation have been suggested to have a role in the pathogenesis, and as potential triggers, of prostatic disease progression [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide synthase 2 gene polymorphisms are associated with prostatic volume in Korean men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Yoo¹,

Kim²,

Chung³

et al. 2010

Asian J Androl

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“…The role of testosterone in regulating the growth and differentiation of prostate cells is still unclear. Although testosterone is an essential factor for prostate gland development, it is not clear whether testosterone is a direct mitogen for prostate acinar cells (Griffiths et al, 1997;Lee et al, 1997;Lin et al, 1998;Ruijter et al, 1999).…”

Section: P Rostate Cancer Is the Most Common Cancer Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of Proline-Rich Kinase Pyk2 Expression Correlate with Prostate Cancer Progression

Stanzione

Picascia

Chieffi

et al. 2001

Laboratory Investigation

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SUMMARY:Proline-rich kinase 2 (Pyk2), also known as CAK␤ (cell adhesion kinase ␤), is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that is structurally related to focal adhesion kinase. Pyk2 is expressed in different cell types including brain cells, fibroblasts, platelets, and other hemopoietic cells. Pyk2 is rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated in response to diverse extracellular signals acting via different post receptor pathways. We have investigated whether this protein kinase is functionally expressed in normal and neoplastic prostate tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that Pyk2 is expressed only in normal epithelial prostate tissue and in benign prostatic hyperplasia, whereas its expression progressively declines with an increasing grade of malignancy of prostate cancer. (Lab Invest 2001, 81:51-59).

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“…More precisely, it seems that by the age of 50 [3,4] 50% of men may show the symptoms related with BPH and in those aged above 70 years this condition is the most significant cause of bladder outflow obstruction. From the histological viewpoint, the process which starts from the transitional or periurethral zone determines hyperplasia of glandular and stromal tissue with papillary buds and increased smooth muscle, lymphocytes and ducts [5,6]. The consequent prostate enlargement will bring about urethral constriction with following weak urinary stream, incomplete bladder emptying, nocturia, dysuria up to overt bladder outlet obstruction [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effect of a Multifunctional Polyphytocompound in Experimental Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats

Kantah¹,

Singh²,

Sweed³

et al. 2017

Clin Pharmacol Biopharm

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The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of a poly-phytocompound in a model of experimental BPH. Adult 8 weeks male Wistar rats were subjected to complete orchiectomy under anesthesia (i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg body weight of sodium pentobarbital). After castration, experimental BPH was reproduced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and, at the same time, rats randomly divided in 3 groups (15 rats each): (A) untreated BPH model; (B) BPH plus TR10/P3795 orally and (C) BPH plus finasteride (10 mg/kg body weight) administered orally as positive control group. A third group (D) of sham-operated rats served as control. Both TR10/P3795-and finasteride-treated groups showed a significant (p<0.05) and comparable reduction of all morphometric parameters (volume, weight and weight/body weight ration) which were grossly abnormal in untreated BPH model (p<0.01 vs. sham-op.). Moreover, both treatment schedule maintained a near-to-normal 3 h urinary output (p<0.01 vs. untreated BPH). Untreated BPH showed a significant increase of epithelial size and thickness and these features were equally decreased by TR10/P3795 and finasteride (p<0.05). Either TR10/P3795 or finasteride brought about a significant decrease of serum level of DHT and PAP (p<0.05 vs. sham). There was no difference among the two treatments. Prostatic tissue concentration of MDA, IL-6, TNFα and TGFβ1 significantly increased in untreated BPH model (p<0.001). All these parameters significantly decreased, although not normalised, in TR10/P3795-treated group (p<0.05 vs. sham and vs. finasteride). Finasteride determined only a not significant trend decrease of IL-6 and TNFα. Given the multifactorial aetiology of BPH, the data from this experimental model show the promising larger spectrum of mechanisms of action of the tested poly-phytocompound.

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Intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling benign prostatic growth

Cited by 99 publications

References 73 publications

Nitric oxide synthase 2 gene polymorphisms are associated with prostatic volume in Korean men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Nitric oxide synthase 2 gene polymorphisms are associated with prostatic volume in Korean men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Variations of Proline-Rich Kinase Pyk2 Expression Correlate with Prostate Cancer Progression

Beneficial Effect of a Multifunctional Polyphytocompound in Experimental Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats

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