Intrinsic Carbon Defects Induced Reversible Antimony Chemistry for High‐Energy Aqueous Alkaline Batteries

Abstract

Developing high‐capacity, dendrite‐free, and stable anode materials for robust aqueous alkaline batteries (AABs) is an ongoing challenge. Antimony (Sb) is predicated as an attractive anode material, but it still suffers from low capacity and poor stability caused by the obstructed kinetic behavior and uncontrollable nucleation for SbO2−. Herein, designing a new defect‐modified carbon skeleton (D‐CS), a highly reversible Sb anode with ultralong cycling stability is realized at practical levels of capacity and high depth of discharge (DOD). The abundant intrinsic carbon defects can effectively form positive charge centers to weaken electrostatic repulsion between SbO2− and electrode surface, facilitating the fast ion kinetics and provide generous controllable nucleation sites. In addition, the uniform electric field distribution of the D‐CS induces manageable plating and stripping of the Sb metal, which effectively boosts its electrochemical reversibility and restrains adverse reactions. Accordingly, the Sb/D‐CS electrode achieves a long cycle life of over 500 h with a capacity of 2 mAh cm−2. Even at an ultrahigh capacity of 10 mAh cm−2, it can still work stably up to 40 h. Furthermore, its feasibility as advanced anode in AABs is also confirmed by assembled Ni//Sb/D‐CS full batteries with an ultrahigh capacity of 13.5 mAh cm−2 and a considerable stability of 4500 cycles.

Tailoring hydroxyl groups of organic phenazine anodes for high-performance and stable alkaline batteries

“…The PZ-2OH electrode delivered the lowest s value of 11.11 O s À0.5 , followed by PZ-OH (36.08 O s À0.5 ) and PZ (57.88 O s À0. 5 ), indicating that the PZ-2OH anode possesses a more rapid ion transport kinetics (lower charge-transfer impedance) (Fig. S13, ESI †).…”

“…voltages. [5][6][7] However, corrosion caused by the side reactions under alkaline conditions is unavoidable for anode materials, which leads to the poor cycling stability of ANABs. 8 Cadmium metal, the first-generation anode material for alkaline aqueous batteries, has been developed for over 100 years for its…”

Amorphous Electrode: From Synthesis to Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…[ 1,2 ] Recent developed electrochemical batteries (including alkali ion batteries and Li–S batteries) and supercapacitors (SCs) are considered ideal rechargeable technologies for next‐generation energy storage systems. [ 3,4 ] In particular, since the commercial success of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the science community is taking steps to promote the development of other batteries (employing earth‐abundant elements as a carrier such as Na, K, and Zn) to resolve the rarity and high cost of lithium resources. With this in mind, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs), and zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered attention as competitive alternatives to LIBs.…”

Coordination-Assisted Construction of Ultra-Fine Metal Nanoparticle Composites for Stable Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes

“…Furthermore, the structural features of the nanocomposite are important in governing the electrochemical properties, such as size, distribution, location, composition of particles, and their interaction with the carbon framework. − In the meantime, effective control of the porous structure of the carbon is highly required to assist the electrolyte compensation and high-rate kinetics . So, efficient synthetic control is the key to the performance boost.…”