Intrinsic flame‐retardant urea formaldehyde/graphene nanocomposite foam: Structure and reinforcing mechanism

Wu, Buyong; Liu, Yalong; Suo, Ying; Ye, Lin; Zhao, Xiaowen

doi:10.1002/pc.25028

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…It has been shown experimentally that density is the most important parameter that affects the strength and affects physical properties in polymeric foams 6,34 . From Table 1, apparent density of polymer foam composites rises with the increase in graphite powder, while the higher density resulted in a higher compressive strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In particular, the LDPE‐EVA foam improves resistance to electrical discharge and solvents, creep behavior, stress cracking resistance, service temperature and weather‐ability. However, the main disadvantages of these polymers and other polymer foams as polyurethane foams, 3,4 polystyrene foams, 5 among others, are their low heat distortion point and high combustibility, which implies environmental concerns as chemical residues and high toxic gas emissions (i.e., HCN and CO) 6 . To overcome such drawbacks, alternative non‐halogen fire retardant additives like alumina trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide have been employed to improve their flame retardancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphite effect on the mechanical and fire‐retardant performance of low‐density polyethylene and ethylene‐vinyl‐acetate foam composites

González‐Morones

Cabrera-Álvarez

Sifuentes‐Nieves

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, the graphite effect on the mechanical and fire‐retardant performance of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene‐vinyl‐acetate (EVA) foam composites was investigated. Polymer composites were prepared by melt mixing process and foamed by hot press molding at different graphite content (0, 3, 6, and 12 phr). Cone calorimetric tests through heat release rate (HRR) curves obtained, revealed a decreasing of 45% on peak heat release rate (pHRR) of foam composites LDPE‐EVA with 12 phr of untreated graphite content compared than those LDPE‐EVA foamed composites without graphite, which was attributed to the good distribution of graphite in the composite and more residual generates as thermogravimetric analysis suggested. Mechanical properties of polymer foamed composites with high graphite content do not show significant detrimental as a result to the formation of more uniform cells with smaller size incorporating a material with high modulus like graphite. The results suggest that polymer foam composites with graphite are suitable for the building and construction industry, in sealing and thermal insulation applications with good fire‐retardant performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite effect on the mechanical and fire‐retardant performance of low‐density polyethylene and ethylene‐vinyl‐acetate foam composites

González‐Morones

Cabrera-Álvarez

Sifuentes‐Nieves

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Urea formaldehyde could release N2, CO2, NH3, and some others to reduce the combustion of the materials. 32,39 Therefore, PF/UF composite foam presented good flame retardant property. In addition, nano ZnO is a noncombustible inorganic particle, which has larger the specific heat capacity than the resin matrix.…”

Section: Oxygen Index Of Zno/pf/uf Nanocomposite Foammentioning

confidence: 93%

Preparation and properties of nano ZnO toughed phenol–urea‐formaldehyde foam

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) foam possess outstanding flame-retardant properties, excellent insulation, and low thermal conductivity. These properties make them suitable for thermal insulation in buildings. However, the mechanical properties still need to be improved. In this study, orthogonal test was designed to optimize the level components of PF/UF composite foam first, then nano ZnO was added to the PF/UF composite foam to improve its toughness. The effects of nano ZnO on the morphology, apparent density, pulverization rate, thermal conductivity and thermal degradation property, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the ZnO/PF/UF nanocomposite foam were studied. The addition of nano ZnO improved the bending and compressive strength and decreased the pulverization rate of the composite foam significantly. The ZnO/PF/UF nanocomposite foam also presented better flame retardant properties than PF/UF composite foam. The largest oxygen index values of ZnO/PF/UF nanocomposite foam could reach 39.31%, while the thermal conductivity and the maximum rate of weight loss temperature were increased to 0.036 W/(mÁK) and 279 C, respectively. Moreover, ZnO/PF/UF nanocomposite foam showed low apparent density property (0.27 g/cm 3). K E Y W O R D S composites, foams, mechanical properties, nanoparticles, thermosets 1 | INTRODUCTION At present, the thermal insulation materials used in building mainly include organic thermal insulation materials and inorganic thermal insulation materials. Organic insulation material (polymer foam material) is a microporous material made from polymer matrix filled with gas, which presents low density, low water absorption, high porosity, and excellent insulation performance. 1-3 Thus, it is widely used in the construction industry owing to excellent flame retardancy, chemical resistance, environmental friendly, thermal insulation, low price, and low water absorption. Urea formaldehyde (UF) foam and phenol formaldehyde (PF) foam has been extensively promoted as the most suitable alternative for thermal insulation building materials. 4-8 However, UF foam lacks active functional groups, thus, it always presents high brittleness, high pulverization ratio, low strength, and toughness. Meanwhile, PF foam also suffers from some mechanical weaknesses. For these reasons, it is necessary to focus on the improvement of PF/UF composite foam mechanical properties, such as, compressive and bending strength, friability and pulverization rate, while still maintaining their excellent flame retardant properties. In general, the toughness of foams can be improved by two methods: the physical method and the chemical

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“…Various functional treatments or synergistic addition of flame retardants have been performed on graphene surfaces, including the incorporation of P, N, or Si [201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212]. Hu et al, [62] synthesized a functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) gra ed to a hyper-branched flame retardant based on N-aminoethyl piperazine and a phosphonate derivative to reduce the flammability and toxic gas release of polystyrene (PS).…”

Section: Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoreinforcements of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardant Polymeric Composites: An Overview

Hong

Chen

2019

Advances in Polymer Technology

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Polymer materials are ubiquitous in daily life. While polymers are often convenient and helpful, their properties often obscure the fire hazards they may pose. Therefore, it is of great significance in terms of safety to study the flame retardant properties of polymers while still maintaining their optimal performance. Current literature shows that although traditional flame retardants can satisfy the requirements of polymer flame retardancy, due to increases in product requirements in industry, including requirements for durability, mechanical properties, and environmental friendliness, it is imperative to develop a new generation of flame retardants. In recent years, the preparation of modified two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants has attracted wide attention in the field. Due to their unique layered structures, two-dimensional nanomaterials can generally improve the mechanical properties of polymers via uniform dispersion, and they can form effective physical barriers in a matrix to improve the thermal stability of polymers. For polymer applications in specialized fields, different two-dimensional nanomaterials have potential conductivity, high thermal conductivity, catalytic activity, and antiultraviolet abilities, which can meet the flame retardant requirements of polymers and allow their use in specific applications. In this review, the current research status of two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants is discussed, as well as a mechanism of how they can be applied for reducing the flammability of polymers.

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Intrinsic flame‐retardant urea formaldehyde/graphene nanocomposite foam: Structure and reinforcing mechanism

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Graphite effect on the mechanical and fire‐retardant performance of low‐density polyethylene and ethylene‐vinyl‐acetate foam composites

Graphite effect on the mechanical and fire‐retardant performance of low‐density polyethylene and ethylene‐vinyl‐acetate foam composites

Preparation and properties of nano ZnO toughed phenol–urea‐formaldehyde foam

Nanoreinforcements of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardant Polymeric Composites: An Overview

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