Background and Purpose
Excess lower extremity intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), reduced strength, and functional limitations are common in obese individuals with and without diabetes (the former termed diabesity). Individuals with diabesity are particularly susceptible to accelerated sarcopenia, which may be under-diagnosed. The purpose of this study was to determine critical values for leg IMAT volume, plantar flexor muscle strength, and physical performance that help identify individuals with diabesity who have sarcopenia.
Methods
43 age- and sex-matched obese adults were studied; 12 with type 2 diabetes, 21 with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy, and 10 non-diabetic controls. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived skeletal muscle index determined classification of sarcopenia. Leg fat (%IMAT), ankle plantar flexor (PF) peak torque and power while ascending 10 steps were used as explanators of sarcopenia. Receiver operating curves (ROC) identified critical values for each explanator individually. Logistic regression models using all 3 explanators, and only PF torque and stair power, were also created. ROC analyses identified the predicted probability that maximized each model’s sensitivity and specificity. A leave one out cross validation was used to simulate the models’ performance in an independent sample.
Results & Discussion
32 participants were sarcopenic, 11 were not. Critical values for individual explanators were: 21% IMAT, 68 Nm PF torque, and 441 watts of stair power. Predicted probabilities of .76 and .67 were chosen as the optimal cutoff probabilities for the model combining all 3 explanators, and the model combining PF torque and stair power respectively. The cross validation analysis produced an accuracy of 82.4%, using the cutoff probability of .5, and an accuracy of 76.5%, using the cutoff of .76. The area under the curve (AUC) for the cross validation ROC analysis was .82. Critical values of leg %IMAT, PF torque, and stair power can classify individuals with diabesity as sarcopenic. The results of the cross validation give us confidence that the sample used in this study was representative of the target population, and suggests models created from this sample may perform well in externally derived datasets
Conclusion
Clinicians may be able to use these critical values to select interventions that specifically target sarcopenia. Measures of %IMAT, PF torque, and stair power may offer a customized alternative to traditional sarcopenic classification systems, which may not be optimally suited to the common impairments among individuals with diabesity.