Intrinsic high refractive index polymers

Macdonald, Emily K.; Shaver, Michael P.

doi:10.1002/pi.4821

Cited by 132 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

111

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The refractive index of PDTU films exhibited more than 1.650, meaning the high refractive index compared to that of polyurethane and polythiourethane having the similar structures . In general, the refractive index increases with increasing of the atomic and molecular refraction such as sulfur, halogen, and aromatic substance . Actually, the refractive index of aromatic PDTU films were slightly higher than that of aliphatic films.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…47,48 In general, the refractive index increases with increasing of the atomic and molecular refraction such as sulfur, halogen, and aromatic substance. 49,50 Actually, the refractive index of aromatic PDTU films were slightly higher than that of aliphatic films. In addition, the refractive index of P(HX-HX) film having the highest sulfur content in the aliphatic PDTUs was slightly higher than that of P(BC-HX) and P(IP-HX).…”

Section: Film Properties: Transparency and Refractive Indexmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis of polydithiourethanes and their thermal, optical, and mechanical properties originated from monomers structure

Yoshida¹,

Endō²

2018

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyaddition of various diisothiocyanates and dithiols was achieved with triethylamine in dimethylformamide at 25 °C for 12 h under nitrogen, and then the corresponding polydithiourethanes (PDTUs) were obtained with high yield and molecular weight without depending on the monomer structures, although the dithiol monomer of the low nucleophilicity was unsuitable for polyaddition in this system. The chemical and physical properties of the obtained PDTUs such as solvent solubility, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, transparency, refractive index, and tensile strength, were analyzed in detail by gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflection, ultraviolet–visible, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile testing measurements. These results proved that PDTUs and their cast films having the aliphatic diisothiocyanate and dithiol moieties exhibited excellent chemical and physical properties compared to that of the aromatic PDTUs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2255–2262

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Film Properties: Transparency and Refractive Indexmentioning

confidence: 96%

Synthesis of polydithiourethanes and their thermal, optical, and mechanical properties originated from monomers structure

Yoshida¹,

Endō²

2018

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 insets] consisting of a background dielectric medium, e.g. nanocomposite polymers 91,92 or semiconductors, 41,93 doped with active materials to realize different (N ) regions of equal gain (red) or loss (blue). Figure 1(a) shows the SE flux Φ from spheres of varying N = {1, 2, 3, 4} (black, green, blue, red lines) and gain/loss permittivities ǫ = 4 ± i, at a fixed frequency ω and gain temperature T → 0 − K (corresponding to complete inversion), as a function of radius R (in units of the vacuum wavelength c/ω).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplified and directional spontaneous emission from arbitrary composite bodies: A self-consistent treatment of Purcell effect below threshold

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We study amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from wavelength-scale composite bodies-complicated arrangements of active and passive media-demonstrating highly directional and tunable radiation patterns, depending strongly on pump conditions, materials, and object shapes. For instance, we show that under large enough gain, PT symmetric dielectric spheres radiate mostly along either active or passive regions, depending on the gain distribution. Our predictions are based on a recently proposed fluctuating volume-current (FVC) formulation of electromagnetic radiation that can handle inhomogeneities in the dielectric and fluctuation statistics of active media, e.g. arising from the presence of non-uniform pump or material properties, which we exploit to demonstrate an approach to modelling ASE in regimes where Purcell effect (PE) has a significant impact on the gain, leading to spatial dispersion and/or changes in power requirements. The nonlinear feedback of PE on the active medium, captured by the Maxwell-Bloch equations but often ignored in linear formulations of ASE, is introduced into our linear framework by a self-consistent renormalization of the (dressed) gain parameters, requiring the solution of a large system of nonlinear equations involving many linear scattering calculations.Noise in structures comprising passive and active materials can lead to important radiative effects, 1 e.g. spontaneous emission (SE), 2 superluminescence, 3 and fluorescence. 4 Although large-etalon gain amplifiers and related devices have been studied for decades, [5][6][7][8] there is increased interest in the design of wavelength-scale composites for tunable sources of scattering and incoherent emission, 9,10 or which serve as perfect absorbers 11 at mid-infrared and visible wavelengths. In this paper, we extend a recently developed fluctuatingvolume current (FVC) formulation of electromagnetic (EM) fluctuations [12][13][14][15] to the problem of modeling spontaneous emission and scattering from composite, wavelength-scale structures, e.g. metal-dielectric spasers, [16][17][18] subject to inhomogeneities in both material and noise properties. We begin by studying amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from piecewise-constant composite bodies, showing that their emissivity can exhibit a high degree of directionality, depending sensitively on the gain profile and shape of the objects. For instance, we find that under large enough gain, the directivity of parity-time (PT ) symmetric spheres can be designed to lie primarily along active or passive regions, depending on the presence or absence of centrosymmetry, respectively. Such composite micron-scale emitters act as tunable sources of incoherent radiation, forming a special class of infrared/visible antennas exhibiting polarization-and direction-sensitive absorption and emission properties. An important ingredient for the design of directional emission is the ability to tune the gain profile of the objects, which can be far from homogeneous in realistic settings. Here, we consider tw...

show abstract

“…This might be a result of the high content of aromatic units within the polymer structure . The above‐described advantageous properties of PPM in combination with its high refractive index are an enabling feature for potential optical applications of PPM, ranging from antireflective coatings to light emitting diodes and plastic optical fibers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of the Multifunctional Polymer Poly(phenylene methylene) into Fibers, Films, Foams, and Microspheres

Braendle

Ofner

Perevedentsev

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poly(phenylene methylene) (PPM) has recently emerged as a promising multifunctional polymer, requiring straightforward one‐step synthesis to achieve high molar mass and featuring a range of attractive properties. Its processability, however, has not been explored in detail to date. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive investigation of the processability of PPM into a wide range of forms by employing various polymer processing techniques. Thin fibers (diameter ≈100 µm) over 1 km in length and shorter thick fibers (diameter ≈1 mm) are produced by melt spinning. Although no crystallinity is observed, the fibers surprisingly exhibit pronounced birefringence. The capability for waveguiding red light within the fibers is also demonstrated. Furthermore, films with a broad thickness range, spanning nanometer to millimeter length scales, are fabricated using different approaches such as spin‐coating, hot pressing, and die casting. All films feature a very smooth and crack‐free surface topography. Additionally, freestanding foams of PPM are obtained by foaming highly concentrated solutions, and quasi‐monodisperse microspheres are prepared by a microfluidic high‐throughput emulsification. The material properties of these different specimen forms are investigated and discussed for implementation as products ranging from plastic optical fibers and light emitting diodes, to protective coatings and packaging, as well as insulators and separation membranes.

show abstract

Intrinsic high refractive index polymers

Cited by 132 publications

References 53 publications

Synthesis of polydithiourethanes and their thermal, optical, and mechanical properties originated from monomers structure

Synthesis of polydithiourethanes and their thermal, optical, and mechanical properties originated from monomers structure

Amplified and directional spontaneous emission from arbitrary composite bodies: A self-consistent treatment of Purcell effect below threshold

Processing of the Multifunctional Polymer Poly(phenylene methylene) into Fibers, Films, Foams, and Microspheres

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About