Intrinsic magnetic moments of gold nanoparticles

Li, Chi-Yen; Wu, Chun‐Ming; Karna, Sunil K.; Wang, Chin-Wei; Hsu, Daniel; Wang, Chih-Jen; Li, Wen-Hsien

doi:10.1103/physrevb.83.174446

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the case of a constant extrinsic curvature the corresponding spacetime is de Sitter, while in the general case, the dynamical variable γ(t, x) satisfies a master equation given by Eq. (15). Once γ is known, the rest of metric coefficients can be found algebraically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is interesting to note that N is not equal to −1, as in the usual 2d relativistic case [13], due to the new gauge symmetry (4) of the theory. It is also interesting to note that in the projectable case the physical degrees of freedom is also zero [15]. Now we proceed to the canonical quantization of the system by following Dirac [26].…”

Section: Hamiltonian Structure and Canonical Quantizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we examine the two-dimensional version of Hořava-Lifshitz (HL) theory without projectability [14], where we extend the canonical quantization techniques we earlier employed in the projectable version of the theory [15] to the non-projectable case. The paper is organized as follows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantization of 2d Hořava gravity: Nonprojectable case

Satheeshkumar²,

Wang

2016

Phys. Rev. D

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The quantization of two-dimensional Hořava theory of gravity without the projectability condition is considered. Our study of the Hamiltonian structure of the theory shows that there are two first-class and two second-class constraints. Then, following Dirac we quantize the theory by first requiring that the two second-class constraints be strongly equal to zero. This is carried out by replacing the Poisson bracket by the Dirac bracket. The two first-class constraints give rise to the Wheeler-DeWitt equations, which yield uniquely a plane-wave solution for the wavefunction. We also study the classical solutions of the theory and find that the characteristics of classical spacetimes are encoded solely in the phase of the plane-wave solution in terms of the extrinsic curvature of the foliations t =Constant, where t denotes the globally-defined time of the theory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hamiltonian Structure and Canonical Quantizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantization of 2d Hořava gravity: Nonprojectable case

Satheeshkumar²,

Wang

2016

Phys. Rev. D

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“…Indeed, induced magnetic moments on Au can arise from proximity with other 3d ferromagnets [14][15][16] and spontaneous moments have even been identified from purely geometrical effects in ultrasmall pure Au nanoparticles [17][18][19][20]. We will show here that in our NiFe/Au bilayer system irradiation gives rise to dramatic changes in the magnetic properties as a function of irradiation dose at much lower doses than those needed to modify the magnetic properties in pure NiFe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Focused-ion-beam induced interfacial intermixing of magnetic bilayers for nanoscale control of magnetic properties

Burn

Hase

Atkinson

2014

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Modification of the magnetic properties in a thin-film ferromagnetic/non-magnetic bilayer system by low-dose focused ion-beam (FIB) induced intermixing is demonstrated. The highly localized capability of FIB may be used to locally control magnetic behaviour at the nanoscale. The magnetic, electronic and structural properties of NiFe/Au bilayers were investigated as a function of the interfacial structure that was actively modified using focused Ga + ion irradiation. Experimental work used MOKE, SQUID, XMCD as well as magnetoresistance measurements to determine the magnetic behavior and grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity to elucidate the interfacial structure. Interfacial intermixing, induced by low-dose irradiation, is shown to lead to complex changes in the magnetic behavior that are associated with monotonic structural evolution of the interface. This behavior may be explained by changes in the local atomic environment within the interface region resulting in a combination of processes including the loss of moment on Ni and Fe, an induced moment on Au and modifications to the spin-orbit coupling between Au and NiFe.

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“…Magnetism is observed in thiol-capped GNPs, [12][13][14] yet it is often attributed primarily to the gold sulfur bond present in such compounds instead of the finite size of the GNP. There are only a few studies investigating magnetism in uncapped GNPs, [15][16][17][18] and with para-, ferro-, and ferrimagnetism reported, there is no consensus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication: Chemisorption of muonium on gold nanoparticles: A sensitive new probe of surface magnetism and reactivity

Dehn

Arseneau

Böni

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Chemisorption of muonium onto the surface of gold nanoparticles has been observed. Muonium (μ+e−), a light hydrogen-like atom, reacts chemically with uncapped 7 nm gold nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous silica (SBA-15) with a strong temperature-dependent rate. The addition rate is fast enough to allow coherent spin transfer into a diamagnetic muon state on the nanoparticle surface. The muon is well established as a sensitive probe of static or slowly fluctuating magnetic fields in bulk matter. These results represent the first muon spin rotation signal on a nanoparticle surface or any metallic surface. Only weak magnetic effects are seen on the surface of these Au nanoparticles consistent with Pauli paramagnetism.

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Intrinsic magnetic moments of gold nanoparticles

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Quantization of 2d Hořava gravity: Nonprojectable case

Quantization of 2d Hořava gravity: Nonprojectable case

Focused-ion-beam induced interfacial intermixing of magnetic bilayers for nanoscale control of magnetic properties

Communication: Chemisorption of muonium on gold nanoparticles: A sensitive new probe of surface magnetism and reactivity

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