Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport

Walker, Barbara A.

doi:10.1123/tsp.22.1.134

Cited by 119 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For example, an athlete who competes in a sport because of the pressures from the coach or need for status or approval from family or friends is said to be extrinsically motivated [ 19 , 20 ]. Researchers have reported that extrinsic motives are critical during the early steps of PA adoption, whereas intrinsic motives are key for the maintenance of PA programmes [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motives for adult participation in physical activity: type of activity, age, and gender

2015

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BackgroundIn recent years, there has been a decline in physical activity among adults. Motivation has been shown to be a crucial factor in maintaining physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether motives for participation could accurately discriminate gender, age, and type of physical activity.MethodsA quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed. The Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS) was used to assess motives for physical activity in 1,360 adults (703 males, 657 females) who had been exercising regularly for at least six months. The PALMS consists of 40 items that constitute eight sub-scales (mastery, enjoyment, psychological condition, physical condition, appearance, others’ expectations, affiliation, competition/ego). Respondents were divided into two age groups (young adults aged 20 to 40 years and middle-aged adults 41 to 64 years) and five types of activity (individual racing sports plus bowls, team sports, racquet sports, martial arts, and exercise).ResultsThe group discriminant function analyses revealed significant canonical functions correctly classifying the cases into gender (82%), age group (83%), team sport players 76%, individual racing sport plus bowls players 91%, racquet sport players 90%, exercisers 84%, and martial art players 91%. The competition/ego, appearance, physical condition, and mastery sub-scales contributed most to gender differences. Five sub-scales (mastery, psychological condition, others’ expectations, affiliation, and enjoyment) contributed most to the discriminant function for age. For type of activity, different sub-scales were the strongest contributors to the discriminant function for each type of PA.ConclusionThe findings in this study suggest that strong and important motives for participation in physical activity are different across type of activity, age, and gender in adults. Understanding the motives that influence physical activity participation is critical for developing interventions to promote higher levels of involvement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motives for adult participation in physical activity: type of activity, age, and gender

2015

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“…The most important benefits of regular physical activity include lower prevalence of many diseases, as well as a decrease in mortality. People of all ages can enjoy the numerous physical, psychological, emotional, and social benefits that physical activity brings (1)(2)(3)(4). An inactive lifestyle is associated with higher all-cause mortality, coronary artery disease, hypertension and stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Encourages Physically Inactive People to Start Running? An Analysis of Motivations to Participate in Parkrun and City Trail in Poland

Malchrowicz-Mośko

León-Guereño

Tapia-Serrano

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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“…For example, a student who participate in PA because of the pressures from the teacher or parents is considered extrinsically motivated. Researchers have identified that extrinsic intentions are critical during the initial steps of PA implementation, whereas intrinsic intentions are key for the maintenance of PA programs [13,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Students Practice and Motivation for Physical Activity: International Comparative Analysis

Piščalkienė¹,

Žlibinaitė²,

Navickienė³

et al. 2019

Health Sciences

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Motivation is of two types: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation involves someone being interested in what he/she performs and in the practice process itself. Extrinsic motivation is related to individuals who engage in practice because it is a means to an end, relatively separated from the content and subject of practice. Aim of article – to compare practice and motivation for physical activity among Finnish, Portuguese, Lithuanian and Belgian students. The comparative analysis was performed while participating and doing a research in a EU project „Villages on the Move Network“ (2018 – 2651 / 001 – 001). Five institutions from four European countries were involved in the project: South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences (Xamk) and Southern Savo Sports Federation (ESLi) from Finland, University College Limburg – Leuven from Belgium, Kaunas University of Applied Sciences/Kauno kolegija from Lithuania and School of Technology and Management and School of Education and Social Sciences – Polytechnic of Leiria from Portugal. Methods of the research: for the study a structured questionnaire was composed and circulated by using online survey. 843 students from four EU countries (Finland, Portugal, Lithuania and Belgium) participated in the study. Results. Most students walk 5.001 to 10.000 steps a day. Finnish and Belgian students take the most steps per day, Portuguese and Lithuanian students take the least steps per day. The most popular form of physical activity among students are walking, cycling or running. Finnish students, more than students from other countries, practice the following forms of physical activity: bicycle, gym, gymnastics, yoga / Pilates, Nordic walking, ultimate sport. Dancing is more popular among Lithuanian students, swimming – among Belgian and tennis – among Portuguese students. Attitudes towards physical activity motivation were found to be most expressed by Portuguese students. It was found that the greater the motivation for physical activity, the more physically active students are in choosing different forms of physical activity.

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Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport

Cited by 119 publications

References 0 publications

Motives for adult participation in physical activity: type of activity, age, and gender

Motives for adult participation in physical activity: type of activity, age, and gender

What Encourages Physically Inactive People to Start Running? An Analysis of Motivations to Participate in Parkrun and City Trail in Poland

Students Practice and Motivation for Physical Activity: International Comparative Analysis

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