2020
DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105280
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Intrinsically disordered protein PID‐2 modulates Z granules and is required for heritable piRNA‐induced silencing in theCaenorhabditis elegansembryo

Abstract: In Caenorhabditis elegans, the piRNA (21U RNA) pathway is required to establish proper gene regulation and an immortal germline. To achieve this, PRG‐1‐bound 21U RNAs trigger silencing mechanisms mediated by RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP)‐synthetized 22G RNAs. This silencing can become PRG‐1‐independent and heritable over many generations, a state termed RNA‐induced epigenetic gene silencing (RNAe). How and when RNAe is established, and how it is maintained, is not known. We show that maternally provided … Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…Prior to our findings, there were six known Z granule components ( 65 , 79 , 88 ), thus the identification of CSR-1 isoforms in association with ZNFX-1 is important. Although there are some limitations of our analysis to consider, including the facts that we were not able to visualize PGL-1, ZNFX-1, and CSR-1 in the same strains, and that our imaging represents a snapshot (and not live tracking) of development, there are several important implications.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 57%
“…Prior to our findings, there were six known Z granule components ( 65 , 79 , 88 ), thus the identification of CSR-1 isoforms in association with ZNFX-1 is important. Although there are some limitations of our analysis to consider, including the facts that we were not able to visualize PGL-1, ZNFX-1, and CSR-1 in the same strains, and that our imaging represents a snapshot (and not live tracking) of development, there are several important implications.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 57%
“…For reasons described below, we refer to this gene as Z granule surface protein‐1 ( zsp‐1 ). [Note, a related study refers to zsp‐1 as piRNA‐induced silencing defective (pid)‐2 (Placentino et al , 2020). ] We mapped all three class II alleles to the left arm of chromosome I (Fig 2B and Materials and Methods).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[Note added in proof. A recent study shows that, indeed, zsp‐1 (also known as pid‐2 ) mutant animals exhibit elevated levels of transposon mobilization in the germline (Placentino et al , 2020)].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PID-2/4/5 are recently identified factors that affect the structure of Z granules, are required for germ cell immortality, and are similarly required to balance 22G-RNA signals. [38,39] These studies demonstrate a link between Z granules and the biogenesis and inheritance of 22G-RNAs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 71%
“…[36] Known sub-granules include Z-granules, SIMR foci, and Mutator foci -each containing sets of proteins that refine and resolve processes or steps of small RNA biosynthesis. [37][38][39] C. elegans expresses several classes of small RNAs. [40,41] 21U-RNAs are considered the piRNAs of C. elegans due to their interaction with the germline-expressed PRG-1 Argonaute, the main Piwi-class Argonaute of C. elegans.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%