Intrinsically Germanium‐69‐Labeled Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and In‐Vivo Dual‐Modality PET/MR Imaging

Chakravarty, Rubel; Valdovinos, Hector F.; Chen, Feng; Lewis, Catherine E.; Ellison, Paul A.; Luo, Haiming; Meyerand, M. Elizabeth; Nickles, Robert J.; Cai, Weibo

doi:10.1002/adma.201401372

Cited by 161 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…59 Fe 312, 335 , 111 In 336 , 51 Cr 337 or 69 Ge 309 ) or near infrared fluorescent molecules ( e.g. Cy5.5, 56, 86, 338 SBD/SDA 339 or VivoTag 800 275 fluorophores) have also been used for quantification of the IONPs in the tissues.…”

Section: Methods For Determining Pharamacokinetics and Biodistribumentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles

et al. 2015

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Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively used during the last two decades, either as effective bio-imaging contrast agents or as carriers of biomolecules such as drugs, nucleic acids and peptides for controlled delivery to specific organs and tissues. Most of these novel applications require elaborate tuning of the physiochemical and surface properties of the IONPs. As new IONPs designs are envisioned, synergistic consideration of the body's innate biological barriers against the administered nanoparticles and the short and long-term side effects of the IONPs become even more essential. There are several important criteria (e.g. size and size-distribution, charge, coating molecules, and plasma protein adsorption) that can be effectively tuned to control the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the IONPs. This paper reviews these crucial parameters, in light of biological barriers in the body, and the latest IONPs design strategies used to overcome them. A careful review of the long-term biodistribution and side effects of the IONPs in relation to nanoparticle design is also given. While the discussions presented in this review are specific to IONPs, some of the information can be readily applied to other nanoparticle systems, such as gold, silver, silica, calcium phosphates and various polymers.

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Section: Methods For Determining Pharamacokinetics and Biodistribumentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles

et al. 2015

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“…3.0 MBq μ mol −1 of Fe). The same strategy has also been successfully applied to 69 Ge, 32 another isotope that is unsuitable for radiolabeling via standard coordination chemistry. After coating the radiolabeled IONPs with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), around 55% *As and 75% 69 Ge were intact after 24 h incubation with whole mouse serum at 37 °C.…”

Section: Construction Of Radiolabeled Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Using Radiolabeled Inorganic Nanomaterials

2015

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CONSPECTUS Positron emission tomography (PET) is a radionuclide imaging technology that plays an important role in preclinical and clinical research. With administration of a small amount of radiotracer, PET imaging can provide a noninvasive, highly sensitive, and quantitative readout of its organ/tissue targeting efficiency and pharmacokinetics. Various radiotracers have been designed to target specific molecular events. Compared with antibodies, proteins, peptides, and other biologically relevant molecules, nanoparticles represent a new frontier in molecular imaging probe design, enabling the attachment of different imaging modalities, targeting ligands, and therapeutic payloads in a single vector. We introduce the radiolabeled nanoparticle platforms that we and others have developed. Due to the fundamental differences in the various nanoparticles and radioisotopes, most radiolabeling methods are designed case-by-case. We focus on some general rules about selecting appropriate isotopes for given types of nanoparticles, as well as adjusting the labeling strategies according to specific applications. We classified these radiolabeling methods into four categories: (1) complexation reaction of radiometal ions with chelators via coordination chemistry; (2) direct bombardment of nanoparticles via hadronic projectiles; (3) synthesis of nanoparticles using a mixture of radioactive and nonradioactive precursors; (4) chelator-free postsynthetic radiolabeling. Method 1 is generally applicable to different nanomaterials as long as the surface chemistry is well-designed. However, the addition of chelators brings concerns of possible changes to the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and detachment of the radiometal. Methods 2 and 3 have improved radiochemical stability. The applications are, however, limited by the possible damage to the nanocomponent caused by the proton beams (method 2) and harsh synthetic conditions (method 3). Method 4 is still in its infancy. Although being fast and specific, only a few combinations of isotopes and nanoparticles have been explored. Since the applications of radiolabeled nanoparticles are based on the premise that the radioisotopes are stably attached to the nanomaterials, stability (colloidal and radiochemical) assessment of radiolabeled nanoparticles is also highlighted. Despite the fact that thousands of nanomaterials have been developed for clinical research, only very few have moved to humans. One major reason is the lack of understanding of the biological behavior of nanomaterials. We discuss specific examples of using PET imaging to monitor the in vivo fate of radiolabeled nanoparticles, emphasizing the importance of labeling strategies and caution in interpreting PET data. Design considerations for radiolabeled nanoplatforms for multimodal molecular imaging are also illustrated, with a focus on strategies to combine the strengths of different imaging modalities and to prolong the circulation time.

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“…The core of IO NPs is composed of iron and oxygen atoms (mostly magnetite, Fe 3 O 4 ; or magnemite, γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), which can be utilized for hemoglobin synthesis. Both superparamagnetic iron oxide and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs are suspended colloids of IO NPs, and their application as T2 signal contract agents for MRI have been extensively investigated [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a Multimodal Imaging Probe by Encapsulating Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Functionalized Amphiphiles for Lymph Node Imaging

Yang

Moon

Seelam

et al. 2015

Nanomedicine (Lond.)

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Intrinsically Germanium‐69‐Labeled Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and In‐Vivo Dual‐Modality PET/MR Imaging

Cited by 161 publications

References 20 publications

In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles

In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Using Radiolabeled Inorganic Nanomaterials

Development of a Multimodal Imaging Probe by Encapsulating Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Functionalized Amphiphiles for Lymph Node Imaging

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