Intrinsically self-healable, stretchable thermoelectric materials with a large ionic Seebeck effect

Akbar, Zico Alaia; Jeon, Ju‐Won; Jang, Sung‐Yeon

doi:10.1039/c9ee03861b

Cited by 139 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Quite recently, ionic TE materials as another candidate for thermal energy conversion, showed a magnitude larger temperature gradient driven voltage based on Soret effect than typical electronic TE materials based on electrons/holes diffusion. [18,19] However, most of the ionic TEGs only functioned Direct energy conversion based on thermoelectric (TE) materials is a longterm and maintenance-free energy harvesting technique, and therefore is very promising for self-powered wearable electronics. Yet, it is challenging to achieve high-performance stretchable, healable, and even recyclable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) without compromising TE conversion performance due to the intrinsic mechanical rigidity and brittleness of the inorganic TE materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable, Healable, and Stretchable High‐Power Thermoelectric Generator

Zhu

Shi

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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ronment without mechanical parts, longlasting, maintenance-free, portable, etc. Therefore, TEGs are especially suitable for applications in self-powered electronic systems. [4][5][6] Most high-performance TE materials are inorganic semiconductors, which show high figure of merit values [7,8] and have irreplaceable applications as power supply systems in space exploration, such as radioisotope TE generators. [9,10] Nevertheless, traditional inorganic TE materials are mechanically rigid and fragile, thus are not compatible with heat sources with complex surfaces, obstructing their applications in distributed power supply systems, especially wearable electronics.Two main strategies have been developed to address these issues. One strategy used intrinsically flexible TE materials, including conducting polymers, [11][12][13] carbon-based materials, [14,15] and highly plastic semiconductors. [16,17] Despite these attractive developments, the intrinsically flexible TE materials still suffered inferior TE properties, and the TEGs based on these films were usually constructed using in-plane configurations that made them difficult to build matched thermal impedance when harvesting heat from human body. Quite recently, ionic TE materials as another candidate for thermal energy conversion, showed a magnitude larger temperature gradient driven voltage based on Soret effect than typical electronic TE materials based on electrons/holes diffusion. [18,19] However, most of the ionic TEGs only functioned Direct energy conversion based on thermoelectric (TE) materials is a longterm and maintenance-free energy harvesting technique, and therefore is very promising for self-powered wearable electronics. Yet, it is challenging to achieve high-performance stretchable, healable, and even recyclable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) without compromising TE conversion performance due to the intrinsic mechanical rigidity and brittleness of the inorganic TE materials. Herein, recyclable, healable, and stretchable TEGs (RHS-TEGs) are reported that are assembled from commercial Bi 2 Te 3 and Sb 2 Te 3 TE legs generating superior power density via the use of liquid metal as interconnects and dynamic covalent thermoset polyimine as encapsulation. The TEGs fabricated using this strategy are endowed with excellent TE performance, mechanical compliance, and healing and recycling capabilities. The normalized output power density and mechanical stretchability can reach up to 1.08 µW cm −2 •K 2 and 50%, respectively. After healing and recycling, the TEGs show output performance comparable to the original devices. The TEGs also exhibit high reliability and stability under cyclic deformation. This study paves the way for sustainable application of TEGs as energy harvesters to power wearable electronics using body heat.

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confidence: 99%

Recyclable, Healable, and Stretchable High‐Power Thermoelectric Generator

Zhu

Shi

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…These values are orders of magnitude superior to those of traditional inorganic and organic thermoelectric materials (typically on the order of ≈1-10 2 µV K −1 ) in the literature [5,7,[28][29][30] and higher or comparable to various liquid/solid ion conductors (typically on the order of ≈1-10 mV K −1 ). [8,9,[11][12][13]15,[17][18][19][20][21]23] The large ionic thermopower can be attributed to ion transport under a temperature gradient, which is called the Soret effect. [8,12,31,32] To clarify proton transport under a temperature gradient, we measured pH variations as a function of temperature difference for 3GOg (Figure 2b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedding Aligned Graphene Oxides in Polyelectrolytes to Facilitate Thermo‐Diffusion of Protons for High Ionic Thermoelectric Figure‐of‐Merit

Jeong

Noh

Islam

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Recently emerged ionic thermoelectric conversion with the Soret effect is advantageous in providing large thermopower on the order of ≈1-10 mV K −1 , but the origin of the large thermopower and the methodology of attaining superior thermoelectric performances are yet to be disclosed. Here, key parameters and their optimization for outstanding thermoelectric responses with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS-H) are unveiled. It is found that the thermo-diffusion of water boosts proton transport, playing a key role in obtaining large ionic thermopower by promoting unidirectional migration of protons from a hotter to colder side. When graphene oxide (GO) embedded in PSS-H is aligned along the transport direction of protons and water, their diffusion along the in-plane direction of GO is promoted, enlarging both ionic thermopower and ionic electrical conductivity. PSS-H containing 3 wt% GO possesses extremely large ionic power factors up to 1.8 mW m −1 K −2 and ionic figure-of-merits up to 0.85 at 23 °C. This study provides not only preeminent thermoelectric performances based on ion transport but also identifies the influence of the key parameters on thermoelectric properties, suggesting controllability of thermo-diffusion of ions depending on inclusions in base materials, which will draw numerous subsequent research with their alterations.

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“…In addition, the additional protons from the PO 3 H 2 group of PA also improved the protonation in the sulfonic acid of PAAMPSA Reproduced with permission. [103] Copyright 2020, The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Section: Flexible Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentially Wearable Thermo‐Electrochemical Cells for Body Heat Harvesting: From Mechanism, Materials, Strategies to Applications

et al. 2021

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Wearable electronics are becoming one of the key technologies in health care applications including health monitoring, data acquisitions, and real-time diagnosis. The commercialization of next-generation devices has been stymied by the lack of ultrathin, flexible, and reliable power sources. Wearable thermo-electrochemical cells (TECs), which can convert body heat to electricity via an electrochemical process, are showing great promise as power sources for such wearable systems. TECs harvest orders of magnitude more voltage per temperature difference (Seebeck coefficient (1-34 mV K −1 )) when compared to the more common thermoelectric generators (Seebeck coefficient ≈tens or hundreds of µV K −1 ). However, there still remain great challenges for TECs progressing towards wearable applications. This review summarizes the recent development of potentially wearable TECs with promise for body-heat harvesting, with a specific focus on flexible electrode materials, solid-state electrolytes, device fabrication, and strategies toward applications. It also clarifies the challenges and gives some future direction to enhance future investigations on high-performance wearable TECs for practical and self-powered wearable devices.

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Intrinsically self-healable, stretchable thermoelectric materials with a large ionic Seebeck effect

Abstract: We report intrinsically self-healable and stretchable ionic thermoelectric materials, which exhibits excellent ionic figure-of-merit (1.04), with remarkable stretchability (~750%) and autonomous self-healability.

Cited by 139 publications

References 44 publications

Recyclable, Healable, and Stretchable High‐Power Thermoelectric Generator

Recyclable, Healable, and Stretchable High‐Power Thermoelectric Generator

Embedding Aligned Graphene Oxides in Polyelectrolytes to Facilitate Thermo‐Diffusion of Protons for High Ionic Thermoelectric Figure‐of‐Merit

Potentially Wearable Thermo‐Electrochemical Cells for Body Heat Harvesting: From Mechanism, Materials, Strategies to Applications

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