Intrinsically Stretchable Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Conducting Polymer Film for Flexible Electronics

Fiket, Lucija; Božičević, Marin; Brkić, Lana; Žagar, Patricia; Horvat, Anamarija; Katančić, Zvonimir

doi:10.3390/polym14122340

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…One of the possibilities is mixing PEDOT with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), which has proven to offer increased stretchability and self-healing properties [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Another approach is grafting various polymer soft side chains by ATRP [ 25 , 26 ]. These soft side chains grafted onto the rigid PEDOT backbone make the obtained graft copolymer flexible by forming non-covalent hydrogen-bonding crosslinks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Conditions for the Synthesis of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ATRP Macroinitiator

et al. 2023

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One of the most widely used conductive polymers in the growing conductive polymer industry is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), whose main advantages are good thermal and chemical stability, a conjugated backbone, and ease of functionalization. The main drawback of PEDOT for use as wearable electronics is the lack of stretchable and self-healing properties. This can be overcome by grafting PEDOT with flexible side branches. As pure PEDOT is highly stable and grafting would not be possible, a new bromine-functionalized thiophene derivative, 2-(tiophen-3-yl) ethyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate (ThBr), was synthesized and copolymerized with EDOT for the synthesis of a poly(EDOT-co-ThBr) ATRP macroinitiator. After the synthesis of the macroinitiator, flexible polymers could be introduced as side branches by atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to modify mechanical properties. Before this last synthesis step, the conditions for the synthesis of the ATRP macroinitiator should be investigated, as only functionalized units can function as grafting sites. In this study, nine new copolymers with different monomer ratios were synthesized to investigate the reactivity of each monomer. The ratios used in the different syntheses were ThBr:EDOT = 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8, 1:1, 0.8:1, 0.6:1, 0.4:1, and 0.2:1. In order to determine the effect of reaction time on the final properties of the polymer, macroinitiator synthesis at a 1:1 ratio was carried out at different time periods: 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, and 48 h. The obtained products were characterized by different techniques, and it was found that polymerizations longer than 24 h yielded practically insoluble macroinitiators, thus limiting its further application. Reactivity ratios of both monomers were found to be similar and close to 1, making the copolymerization reaction symmetrical and the obtained macroinitiators almost random copolymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Conditions for the Synthesis of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ATRP Macroinitiator

et al. 2023

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Theoretical design, synthesis, characterization and solvatochromic studies and non-linear optical properties of poly[( 2,3,5,6- tetrafluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine)] copolymer

Baby

Anugop²,

Kailasnath³

et al. 2022

J Polym Res

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Inkjet printed acrylate-urethane modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) flexible conductive films

Fiket,

Božičević,

Žagar

et al. 2024

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Flexible electronics is a new generation of electronic devices in which electronic components are integrated into flexible substrates. It is used in the fabrication of displays, solar cells, integrated circuits, and increasingly in the fabrication of electronic skin (E-skin), which can mimic the properties of human skin by being able to follow skin movements and flexures without loss of mechanical and electrical properties. E-skin is suitable for integrating various sensors to monitor personal health. Conductive polymers are used in flexible electronics due to their electrical conductivity, low mass, and stability. However, their main disadvantage is their brittleness, which is why they don’t possess flexibility property without modification. Therefore, in this work, the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was used as the main chain and the side branches of poly(acrylate-urethane) (PAU) were grafted onto it by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) onto it, obtaining the grafted copolymer PEDOT-g-PAU. In this way, the main chain of PEDOT retains the property of electrical conductivity without losing conjugation, while the side branches of PAU have the ability to crosslink non-covalently through hydrogen bonds with PAU side branches of adjacent polymer molecules due to the presence of oxygen in their structure. The presence of hydrogen bonds allows increasing the stretchability and flexibility of the material, and they also have the ability to spontaneously renew themselves when they break due to excessive stress. Three different synthesis conditions were used to obtain polymers of different structure, which were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and measurement of electrical conductivity with a four-point probe (4PP) method. The obtained graft copolymer was prepared in the form of ink and printed on a polyurethane (PU) substrate using inkjet technique. The conductivity of the printed layer, its elongation and adhesion were investigated, while possible delamination of the printed polymer layer was also monitored. The results showed that the PEDOT-g-PAU copolymer was successfully synthesized and inkjet printing on PU film was successful. The obtained material has satisfactory electrical and mechanical properties and could be used for the integration of fully functional biosensors with further optimization of the composition.

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Intrinsically Stretchable Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Conducting Polymer Film for Flexible Electronics

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Investigation of the Conditions for the Synthesis of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ATRP Macroinitiator

Investigation of the Conditions for the Synthesis of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ATRP Macroinitiator

Theoretical design, synthesis, characterization and solvatochromic studies and non-linear optical properties of poly[( 2,3,5,6- tetrafluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine)] copolymer

Inkjet printed acrylate-urethane modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) flexible conductive films

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