Representative democracy is in crisis. One remedy is to foster citizen participation beyond elections. This has led to the development of democratic innovations (DIs) such as participatory budgeting and citizens’ assemblies, through which lay citizens can discuss political problems, and make meaningful contributions. DIs' critics argue that they fail to truly empower citizens; that they impede democratic representation and efficient government. Advocates assert that DIs make political systems more inclusive and democratic. Do these institutions matter for policy-making? Do they affect the broader public? What do political leaders do with their recommendations? How can we scrutinise DIs’ impacts? Do they truly transform representation? This book brings together scholars from a range of disciplines to offer innovative ideas to develop research, improve our knowledge of the impacts of democratic innovations, and help us respond more effectively to contemporary democratic challenges.