Introducing a Method for the Computation of Doubly Constrained Accessibility Models in Larger Datasets

Abstract

For four decades, the spatial mismatch hypothesis has been used as a scientific framework for the understanding of spatially related mismatch issues on the labor market. Over time, the mismatch studies have encompassed a wider array of hypotheses including issues of gender and class. However, the validity of the hypotheses is sometimes contested, and almost always is the validity of the hypotheses questioned regarding the models of accessibility used to depict the labor market situation. In this article, ELMO, a new method for the computation of doubly constrained accessibility, is introduced and tested against other commonly used models of accessibility. Using a unique dataset containing coordinates and additional employment related data on all inhabitants and all jobs in a Swedish local labor market, the new method accomplishes to retain the doubly constrained nature even though over 20,000 jobs are included and over 24,000 employable individuals are included. The detailed nature of the model proves to be beneficiary to other models of accessibility, especially for use in mismatch related hypotheses.

Municipality attraction and commuter mobility in urban Sweden: An analysis based on longitudinal population data

“…There are many different definitions of accessibility; for background literature on these measures, see, e.g. Hansen (1959), Handy and Niemeier (1997), Östh (2011) and Reggiani et al (2011). The accessibility measure that we apply describes how many workplaces that an individual who lives in a given area can reach within reasonable time and cost limits.…”

Measuring urban job accessibility with distance decay, competition and diversity

“…Among these multiple types of accessibility, job accessibility has been attracting attention in diverse disciplines including urban geography, planning and transportation studies. Job accessibility is a very crucial tool to understand urban form (Shen, 1998), the spatial mismatch of jobs and housing (Kain, 1968;Östh, 2011), job-housing balance (Levinson, 1998), modal mismatch (Grengs, 2010), social network mismatch (Parks, 2004), excess commuting (Hamilton, 1982) and employability (McQuaid, 2006;Korsu and Wenglenski, 2010). In particular, much discussion has concentrated on the measurement of job accessibility.…”

Population synthesis for travel demand modelling in Australian capital cities

“…Job accessibility is a useful measure in transport research for understanding urban form (Shen 1988), the spatial mismatch of jobs and housing (Kain 1968;Östh 2011), job-housing balance (Levinson 1998), modal mismatch (Grengs 2010), social network mismatch (Parks 2004), excess commuting (Hamilton 1982) and employability (McQuaid 2006;Korsu and Wenglenski 2010). The advantages of using location-based accessibility as a measurement is that these measures are relatively undemanding of data and are easy to interpret by researchers and policy makers (Guers & Wee 2004).…”