Introducing a new spacing instruction. Impact of spacing tolerance on flight crew activity

Hoffman, Eric P.; Pene, Nayen; Rognin, Laurence; Zeghal, Karim

doi:10.1037/e576862012-058

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Many of the design decisions for the displays used in this experiment were based on previous work. 4,8,[9][10][11][12]14 On the PFD, the commanded end speed was displayed directly above the FMS commanded speed, and the commanded speed bug was designed to mate with the FMS speed bug. This allows pilots to easily determine if the FMS speed matches the commanded speed, and what the commanded speed is in relation to other parameters displayed on the PFD.…”

Section: K Evaluation Of the Pilot Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,8 CoSpace, another spacing concept being developed by EUROCONTROL, examined displays required to perform airborne spacing and used pilot feedback to guide the refinement of their proposed display formats. [9][10][11][12] Findings indicated that pilots desired a spacing trend indicator on the Navigation Display (ND) as well as an autopilot managed mode. At the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Langley Research Center (LaRC), a HITL airborne spacing experiment utilizing Continuous Descent Arrivals (CDA) indicated that pilots found the spacing procedures, commanded speeds, and required workload level to be acceptable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of an Airborne Spacing Concept, On-board Spacing Tool, and Pilot Interface

Swieringa

Murdoch

Baxley

et al. 2011

11th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference

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The number of commercial aircraft operations is predicted to increase in the next ten years, creating a need for improved operational efficiency. Two areas believed to offer significant increases in efficiency are optimized profile descents and dependent parallel runway operations. It is envisioned that during both of these types of operations, flight crews will precisely space their aircraft behind preceding aircraft at air traffic control assigned intervals to increase runway throughput and maximize the use of existing infrastructure. This paper describes a human-in-the-loop experiment designed to study the performance of an onboard spacing algorithm and pilots' ratings of the usability and acceptability of an airborne spacing concept that supports dependent parallel arrivals. Pilot participants flew arrivals into the Dallas Fort-Worth terminal environment using one of three different simulators located at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Langley Research Center. Scenarios were flown using Interval Management with Spacing (IM-S) and Required Time of Arrival (RTA) control methods during conditions of no error, error in the forecast wind, and offset (disturbance) to the arrival flow. Results indicate that pilots' delivered their aircraft to the runway threshold within +/-3.5 seconds of their assigned arrival time and reported that both the IM-S and RTA procedures were associated with low workload levels. In general, pilots found the IM-S concept, procedures, speeds, and interface acceptable; with 92% of pilots rating the procedures as complete and logical, 218 out of 240 responses agreeing that the IM-S speeds were acceptable, and 63% of pilots reporting that the displays were easy to understand and displayed in appropriate locations. The 22 (out of 240) responses, indicating that the commanded speeds were not acceptable and appropriate occurred during scenarios containing wind error and offset error. Concerns cited included the occurrence of multiple speed changes within a short time period, speed changes required within twenty miles of the runway, and an increase in airspeed followed shortly by a decrease in airspeed. Within this paper, appropriate design recommendations are provided, and the need for continued, iterative human-centered design is discussed.

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Section: K Evaluation Of the Pilot Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an Airborne Spacing Concept, On-board Spacing Tool, and Pilot Interface

Swieringa

Murdoch

Baxley

et al. 2011

11th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Nasa-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX); 20 Years Later

Hart

2006

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

2,929

1,451

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NASA-TLX is a multi-dimensional scale designed to obtain workload estimates from one or more operators while they are performing a task or immediately afterwards. The years of research that preceded subscale selection and the weighted averaging approach resulted in a tool that has proven to be reasonably easy to use and reliably sensitive to experimentally important manipulations over the past 20 years. Its use has spread far beyond its original application (aviation), focus (crew complement), and language (English). This survey of 550 studies in which NASA-TLX was used or reviewed was undertaken to provide a resource for a new generation of users. The goal was to summarize the environments in which it has been applied, the types of activities the raters performed, other variables that were measured that did (or did not) covary, methodological issues, and lessons learned

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Mental Workload Measures of Auditory Stimuli Heard during Periods of Waiting

Kortum

Peres

Stallmann

2010

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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A study of 105 university students examined whether the length or type of Auditory Progress Bar (APB) used in a telephone on-hold situation had an impact on users' subjective mental workload. Auditory cues can be designed into APBs to provide information to the caller regarding the approximate duration of the hold time. Previous research has found that the majority of callers tend to multi-task during on-hold situations. Thus the design of any stimuli presented while the caller is on hold should take this into account. To do this, it is important for designers to understand how APB design might impact callers' mental workloads. In the current study, participants experienced one of three APB design types (cello, sine, electronic) in four different lengths (30, 60, 120 and 240 seconds). An on-hold call center experience was simulated using a computer-generated interactive voice response system and workload data was collected using the NASA-TLX. The results of this study indicate that the type of APB does not appear to have a significant impact on callers' assessment of mental workload, but that the duration of the stimuli does.

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Introducing a new spacing instruction. Impact of spacing tolerance on flight crew activity

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of an Airborne Spacing Concept, On-board Spacing Tool, and Pilot Interface

Evaluation of an Airborne Spacing Concept, On-board Spacing Tool, and Pilot Interface

Nasa-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX); 20 Years Later

Mental Workload Measures of Auditory Stimuli Heard during Periods of Waiting

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