Introducing curcumin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis enhances lignocellulosic biomass processing

Abstract

Lignin is the main cause of lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to industrial enzymatic hydrolysis. By partially replacing the traditional lignin monomers by alternative ones, lignin extractability can be enhanced. To design a lignin that is easier to degrade under alkaline conditions, curcumin (diferuloylmethane) was produced in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana via simultaneous expression of the turmeric (Curcuma longa) genes DIKETIDE-CoA SYNTHASE (DCS) and CURCUMIN SYNTHASE

Toxicological evaluation of the nicotine on CA1 and protective effects of curcuma longa: An experimental study

“…Given that dendritic thorns play a major role in synaptic transmission, it is not surprising that many brain diseases are associated with changes in the morphology and density of dendritic thorns 12 . Dendrite thorns are involved in memory as an exon and dendrites interface 14 . Nicotine can reduce the length of dendrites and the number of dendritic thorns in nucleus accumbens by affecting neurotrophic factors in the striatum 23 .…”

“…for reducing the side effects of drug use 13 . For centuries, India and China have been using turmeric as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of colic pain, toothache, chest pain, jaundice, anorexia, and menstrual problems 14 . The rhizome extract contains mainly curcumin and, to a lesser extent, desmethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin 11 .…”

Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Tandem Defunctionalization of Biorenewable Ferulic acid and Derivates into Bio‐Catechol

“…In O-demethylation of guaiacols,protonation of the electron-rich arene is supposed to,a gain, play ak ey role (intermediate b,S cheme 1b). Thep ublished O-demethylations of guaiacol (18)w ith aqueous strong acids support feasibility. [13,14] Interestingly,t he proposed mechanism in our hypothesis suggests O-r ather than arene protonation as activation mode.…”

“…Curcumin (13)i s ar egistered food additive (E100) made up of two ferulic acid molecules in its biosynthesis. [18] It contains an a,b-and an a,b,g,d-unsaturated carbonyl chain, each connected to aguaiacol unit. Interestingly,o ur standard conditions also allowed CÀCb ond cleavage affording 2.4 -Vinylguaiacol (3), the known product for thermal decomposition of 1a, [10a] was also cleaved into 2.T herefore,t ransformation of 1a in 2 via 3 is also ap ossible reaction pathway.H owever,t he significant difference in yield of 2 starting from 1a (70 %) and 3 (40 %) indicate that this cannot be the only pathway.M oreover, when the reaction was performed under 50 bar of amixture of CO 2 :N 2 (60:40) rather than N 2 ,asimilar yield of 2 (72 %) was observed further supporting that decarboxylation is not an important process under our conditions.T his points to addition of water into the a,b-unsaturated acid moiety forming intermediate a (Scheme 1b)h ereby protecting it from decarboxylation into 3.I ti sw orth mentioning that for all these substrates in Scheme 3t he optimized reaction conditions for the defunctionalization of ferulic acid were applied (Table 1, Entry 7) without any further optimization.…”

Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Tandem Defunctionalization of Biorenewable Ferulic acid and Derivates into Bio‐Catechol

“…Other propenyl containing substrates, that is, coniferylalcohol ( 11 ), isoeugenol ( 12 a ), eugenol ( 12 b ), and ortho ‐eugenol ( 12 c ), also cleaved with the formation of 2 in yields ranging from 42 to 65 %. Curcumin ( 13 ) is a registered food additive (E100) made up of two ferulic acid molecules in its biosynthesis . It contains an α,β‐ and an α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated carbonyl chain, each connected to a guaiacol unit.…”