Introducing decentralized EV charging coordination for the voltage regulation

Abstract

Abstract-This paper investigates a decentralized optimization methodology to coordinate Electric Vehicles (EV) charging in order to contribute to the voltage control on a residential electrical distribution feeder. This aims to maintain the voltage level in function of the EV's power injection using the sensitivity matrix approach. The decentralized optimization is tested with two different methods, respectively global and local, when EV take into account their impact on all the nodes of the network or only on a local neighborhood of their connection point. EV can also update their decisions asynchronously or synchronously. While only the global approach with asynchronous update is theoretically proven to converge, using results from game theory, simulations show the potential of other algorithms for which fewer iterations or fewer informations are necessary. Finally, using Monte Carlo simulations over a wide range of EV localization configurations, the first analysis have also shown a promising performance in comparison with uncoordinated charging or with a "voltage droop charging control" recently proposed in the literature.

Decentralized control techniques for plug-in electric vehicles in MV/LV distribution networks

“…In addition, decentralized voltage control is introduced in [26], using an iterative algorithm called best response dynamics (BRD) based on non-cooperative game theory. deviations of only neighborhood pilot nodes (local approach).…”

A Survey of Algorithms for Distributed Charging Control of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid

“…Since the two control algorithms are functionally separated by time scale (load shifting on a long time scale and frequency regulation on a short time scale), they are combined to balance both objectives. The study in [76] proposes an iterative, decentralized (T2) algorithm for voltage control, where an indirect aggregator broadcasts the voltage on all pilot nodes based on the charge profiles of EVs in the previous iteration. Accordingly, EVs updates their charge profiles to limit their impact on the voltage plan.…”

Sustainable Residential Energy Supply: A Literature Review-Based Morphological Analysis

“…The controllers are able to reduce the charging power of the EV, thus increasing the local voltage [157]. Another approach uses game-theoretic approaches to adjust the charging power of EVs in a distribution grid, also aiming to mitigate voltage band violations [158]. If heat pumps and PV-systems are added to a residential grid, voltage band requirements are barely followed and, moreover, quick voltage variations, due to volatile PV-generation, are observed [159].…”