Introducing electromagnetic field momentum

Hu, Ben Yu‐Kuang

doi:10.1088/0143-0807/33/4/873

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The experimental confirmation that electromagnetic waves travel at the finite speed of light by Hertz gave the first experimental confirmation that field theory was able to predict phenomena that force theory could not. To be consistent with mechanics, linear and angular momentum were ascribed to the field so as to not violate momentum conservation [16]. In the theory of special relativity instantaneous action at a distance is ruled out, and the field concept is necessary and not merely convenient for calculations [17].…”

Section: Epistemological Development Of the Classical Theory Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory university physics students’ understanding of some key characteristics of classical theory of the electromagnetic field

Zuza

Kampen

Cock

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res.

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In this work, we explore how undergraduate students use classical field theory when describing physical phenomena in the context of introductory electromagnetism. We have extracted five key characteristics of the electric and magnetic field from a historical analysis of the topic. These characteristics informed the creation of a questionnaire comprising six free-response conceptual questions. The questionnaire instrument was administered to undergraduate students in three European countries. Phenomenographical analysis of the students' responses shows that many undergraduates do not have a coherent idea of field theory. We conclude that, rather than focusing on teaching rules with which to calculate, more attention should be paid to the specific characteristics of field theory and the difference between fields and forces, with particular emphasis on the conceptual interpretation of the interaction process.

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Section: Epistemological Development Of the Classical Theory Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory university physics students’ understanding of some key characteristics of classical theory of the electromagnetic field

Zuza

Kampen

Cock

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…McDonald [5], Lorrain [6], and Hu [7]. Interpretation of the vector potential as potential momentum per charge have been advocated by Calkin [8,9], Konopinski [10,11], Gingras [12], and Semon and Taylor [13], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exact formula for electromagnetic momentum in terms of the charge density and the Coulomb gauge vector potential

Essén¹

2018

Eur. J. Phys.

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The electromagnetic momentum is sometimes approximated by , where ϱ is the charge density and is the Coulomb gauge vector potential. Here, we show that is the first term in an exact two-term expression where the second term refers to radiation. When the charge density is zero, is the momentum of fields propagating in vacuum. In the presence of charged particles, however, normally dominates. We argue that is the natural formula for the electromagnetic momentum when radiation can be neglected. It is shown that this term may in fact be much larger than the purely mechanical contribution from mass times velocity.

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Comparison of Poynting’s vector and the power flow used in electrical engineering

Mörée

Leijon

2022

AIP Advances

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This paper will analyze how the energy flux of Poynting’s vector is compared to the power flow in electrical engineering, where the power, instead, is defined by voltages and currents. There are alternatives to Poynting’s energy flux vector that agree more with circuit theory methods such that the energy flow is in the current conductor and not in the insulation surrounding it. One such basic formulation would only consist of the total current density and the voltage potential, but it would need an alternative theorem for energy transfer. Another formulation proposed by Slepian would instead still agree with Poynting’s energy transfer theorem, but it needs to add the power of alternating magnetic vector potential. The alternatives to Poynting’s vector may better illustrate the energy flow in electrical engineering, but two things could be considered in their generality. First, since they are expressed by potentials, they are gauge invariant and depend on the definition of the potentials. Second, Poynting’s vector is used to formulate the electromagnetic momentum, and any alternative energy flow vectors would not. These two notes are of minor importance in electrical engineering, and the alternatives could be used as good alternatives for describing power flow. The main purpose of this paper is to bridge the differences between the physical theory of energy flux and the methods in electrical power engineering. This could simplify the use of energy flux and Poynting’s vector in engineering problems.

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Introducing electromagnetic field momentum

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Introductory university physics students’ understanding of some key characteristics of classical theory of the electromagnetic field

Introductory university physics students’ understanding of some key characteristics of classical theory of the electromagnetic field

An exact formula for electromagnetic momentum in terms of the charge density and the Coulomb gauge vector potential

Comparison of Poynting’s vector and the power flow used in electrical engineering

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