Introducing, evaluation and exergetic performance assessment of a novel hybrid system composed of MCFC, methanol synthesis process, and a combined power cycle

The hydrogen economy is being pursued quite vigorously since hydrogen is an important and green energy source with a variety of applications as fuel for transportation, fuel cell, feedstock, energy vector, reforming in refineries, carbon dioxide valorization, biomass conversion, etc. Steam reforming of alcohols is a well-established technique to obtain syngas. Methanol is viewed to be a lucrative alternative for fossil fuels, due to its flexibility in being generated from multiple sources, high energy density, and low operating temperatures. The catalysts used for reforming govern the methanol conversion rate and the ratio of gaseous products, i.e., H2, CO, and CO2. Group VIII–XII metals have been widely utilized for methanol steam reforming as they have a higher hydrogen yield. Several other catalysts and novel techniques have been developed and used to date. Quite a few strategies to enhance the performance of catalysts and reduce deactivation have been discussed. This review focuses on the metallic catalysts, mainly Cu, Pd, Zn, with different formulations and compositions for steam reforming of methanol (SRM). Active catalyst components, supports, and their interactions, along with different promoters, are reviewed, and their performances are critically analyzed. The various reaction mechanisms and reaction pathways have been identified and elaborated. A fundamental understanding of the functionality and structure of catalysts is required no matter which alcohol is used as a feedstock, and some general inferences can be obtained from polyhydroxyl feed for the steam reforming of methanol, which is the subject matter of this review. Particularly, the role of copper as a component in mono and multimetallic systems and the nature of support must be studied fundamentally to get high hydrogen yields. It is important to determine how metal support interactions, including oxygen transfer from reducible oxides to the metal site, influence the catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability. Further, the mechanism by which alloying affects the selectivity in multimetallic catalysts must be understood by using high-end characterizations.

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“…This system was able to generate electricity, methanol, and warm water simultaneously. The gross exergy efficiency achieved was 83.7% …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Production: A Critical Analysis of Catalysis, Processes, and Scope

Ranjekar

Yadav

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

198

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“…The methanol synthesis reactors are commonly operated at temperature and pressure ranges of 200–300 °C and 50–100 bar, respectively, in the presence of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide. , Formic acid is a non-toxic, low-flammable liquid at ambient conditions, which is efficiently carried at 8.4–100.8 °C temperature. , Its capacity to store hydrogen is smaller than that of ammonia and methanol, but it can be converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide below 100 °C. , When it comes to compression costs as well as system size, formic acid has been demonstrated to be less expensive than hydrogen . Hosseini et al used the gas produced by the reformer in a methanol production unit as well as a molten carbonate fuel cell. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the proposed layout were 58.4 and 83.7%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective Optimization of a Novel Hybrid Structure for Co-generation of Ammonium Bicarbonate, Formic Acid, and Methanol with Net-Zero Carbon Emissions

et al. 2023

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Chemical storage of hydrogen, originated from renewable energy, is one of the most efficient and reliable methods to absorb carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and easily transport large-scale energy to remote areas. In this study, a novel integration of an electro-thermochemical process with industrial flue gas thermal energy and wind turbines is proposed to absorb CO 2 and store chemically hydrogen in the form of methanol, formic acid, and ammonium bicarbonate. The proposed hybrid structure includes a post-combustion CO 2 capture technology, a copper−chlorine thermochemical process, and several ammonium bicarbonate, formic acid, and methanol production cycles. The proposed configuration produces 2597 kg/h methanol, 5270 kg/h ammonium bicarbonate, and 833.3 kg/h formic acid. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the proposed layout are computed at 63.68 and 66.82%, respectively. The exergy analysis depicts that three processes of electro-thermochemical, methanol production, and post-combustion CO 2 capture have the greatest destructed exergy contributions among other subsections to the amounts of 40.85, 30.16, and 7.97%, respectively. The verification, validation, and sensitivity analyses, along with a multi-objective optimization protocol (i.e., a hybrid neural network and a genetic algorithm), are also used to evaluate the proposed system. The objective functions, decision variables, and constraints for the optimization phase are determined through sensitivity analysis. Several multi-criteria decision evaluation methods are employed to prioritize and choose the optimal point from the Pareto set. The electrical power supplied from the wind turbines as well as the auxiliary power supply, and the energy and exergy efficiencies calculated based on the TOPSIS/LINAMP techniques are 9.90 MW, 89.23, and 67.27%, respectively. In addition, the power consumption, energy, and exergy efficiencies at the optimal operating condition, calculated using the

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“…Andrew 7 studied the electrolyte structure of the MCFC as early as 2004 and found that the use of ceramic oxides as the anode in the CH 4 -fuelled MCFC was effective in reducing the occurrence of carbon build-up and slowing down the corrosion rate of the anode. Aspen HYSYS was used by Hosseini et al 8 to construct a cogeneration system using the MCFC as the prime mover. This system included methane steam reforming, methane synthesis, power generation, and space heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of the effects of key operating parameters on the molten carbonate fuel cell performance

Zhang

Duan

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Introducing, evaluation and exergetic performance assessment of a novel hybrid system composed of MCFC, methanol synthesis process, and a combined power cycle

Cited by 73 publications

References 59 publications

Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Production: A Critical Analysis of Catalysis, Processes, and Scope

Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Production: A Critical Analysis of Catalysis, Processes, and Scope

Multi-objective Optimization of a Novel Hybrid Structure for Co-generation of Ammonium Bicarbonate, Formic Acid, and Methanol with Net-Zero Carbon Emissions

An experimental study of the effects of key operating parameters on the molten carbonate fuel cell performance

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