Rhodococcus erythropolis bacterium is known for its remarkable resistance characteristics that can be useful in several biotechnological processes, such as bioremediation. However, there is scarce knowledge concerning the behavior of this strain against different metals. This study sought to investigate the behavior of R. erythropolis ATCC 4277 against residue of chalcopyrite and e-waste to verify both resistive capacities to the metals present in these residues and potential use for biomining processes. These tests were carried out in a stirred tank bioreactor for 48 h, at 24 ºC, pH 7.0, using a total volume of 2.0 L containing 2.5% (v/v) of a bacterial pre-culture. The pulp density of chalcopyrite was 5% (w/w), and agitation and oxygen flow rates were set to 250 rpm and 1.5 LO2.min− 1, respectively. In the tests with e-waste (waste of computer printed circuit board - WPCB), it was used a pulp density of 10% (w/w), agitation at 400 rpm, and 3.0 LO2.min− 1 of oxygen flow rate. Metal concentration analyses post-fermentation showed that R. erythropolis ATCC 4277 was able to leach about 38% of the Cu present in the chalcopyrite residue (in ~ 24 h), and 49.5% of Fe, 42.3% of Ni, 27.4% of Al, and 15% Cu present in WPCB (in ~ 24 h). In addition the strain survived well in the environment containing such metals, demonstrating the potential of using this bacterium for waste biomining processes as well as in other processes with these metals.