Introducing the GRACEnet/REAP Data Contribution, Discovery, and Retrieval System

Grosso, Stephen J. Del; White, Jeffrey W.; Wilson, Greg; Vandenberg, Bruce; Karlen, Douglas L.; Follett, R. F.; Johnson, Jane M. F.; Franzluebbers, Alan J.; Archer, David W.; Gollany, Hero T.; Liebig, Mark A.; Ascough, J. C.; Reyes-Fox, Melissa; Pellack, Lorrie; Starr, Julian R.; Barbour, Nancy W.; Polumsky, Robert W.; Gutwein, Megan; James, David

doi:10.2134/jeq2013.03.0097

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…To facilitate those types of activities, site-specific data from which these means were derived are currently being entered into the ARS REAPnet database [24]. The plan for the data contributed to that database is that following peer review and publication, it will be made publically available for further use and interpretation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocation Corn Stover Harvest Effects on Crop Yields and Nutrient Removal

et al. 2014

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Corn (Zea mays L.) stover was identified as an important feedstock for cellulosic bioenergy production because of the extensive area upon which the crop is already grown. This report summarizes 239 site-years of field research examining effects of zero, moderate, and high stover removal rates at 36 sites in seven different states. Grain and stover yields from all sites as well as N, P, and K removal from 28 sites are summarized for nine longitude and six latitude bands, two tillage practices (conventional vs no tillage), two stover-harvest methods (machine vs calculated), and two crop rotations {continuous corn (maize) vs corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]}. Mean grain yields ranged from 5.0 to 12.0 Mg ha−1 (80 to 192 bu ac−1). Harvesting an average of 3.9 or 7.2 Mg ha−1(1.7 or 3.2 tons ac−1) of the corn stover resulted in a slight increase in grain yield at 57 and 51 % of the sites, respectively. Average no-till grain yields were significantly lower than with conventional tillage when stover was not harvested, but not when it was collected. Plant samples collected between physiological maturity and combine harvest showed that compared to not harvesting stover, N, P, and K removal was increased by 24, 2.7, and 31 kg ha−1, respectively, with moderate (3.9 Mg ha−1) harvest and by 47, 5.5, and 62 kg ha−1, respectively, with high (7.2 Mg ha−1) removal. This data will be useful for verifying simulation models and available corn stover feedstock projections, but is too variable for planning site-specific stover harvest. Abstract Corn (Zea mays L.) stover was identified as an important feedstock for cellulosic bioenergy production because of the extensive area upon which the crop is already grown. This report summarizes 239 site-years of field research examining effects of zero, moderate, and high stover removal rates at 36 sites in seven different states. Grain and stover yields from all sites as well as N, P, and K removal from 28 sites are summarized for nine longitude and six latitude bands, two tillage practices (conventional vs no tillage), two stoverharvest methods (machine vs calculated), and two crop rotations {continuous corn (maize) vs corn/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]}. Mean grain yields ranged from 5.0 to 12.0 Mg ha −1 (80 to 192 bu ac −1 ). Harvesting an average of 3.9 or 7.2 Mg ha −1 (1.7 or 3.2 tons ac −1 ) of the corn stover resulted in a slight increase in grain yield at 57 and 51 % of the sites, respectively. Average no-till grain yields were significantly lower than with conventional tillage when stover was not harvested, but not when it was collected. Plant samples ( ) 7:528-539 DOI 10.1007 collected between physiological maturity and combine harvest showed that compared to not harvesting stover, N, P, and K removal was increased by 24, 2.7, and 31 kg ha −1 , respectively, with moderate (3.9 Mg ha −1 ) harvest and by 47, 5.5, and 62 kg ha −1 , respectively, with high (7.2 Mg ha −1 ) removal. This data will be useful for verifying simulation models and available corn stover feedstoc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocation Corn Stover Harvest Effects on Crop Yields and Nutrient Removal

et al. 2014

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“…Coordinated multi-site studies such as USDA-ARS's REAP and greenhouse gas reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network (GRACEnet) can provide both empirical data as well as soil, weather, and management data required to execute site-specific, regional, and national model simulations. Further, the GRACEnet/REAP data contribution, discovery, and retrieval system provides the capability of running models internally based on associated soils, management, and weather data [109]. The new USDA-ARS LongTerm Agroecosystem Research sites will contribute information as well.…”

Section: System Sustainability and Climate Change Mitigation Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dedicated Energy Crops and Crop Residues for Bioenergy Feedstocks in the Central and Eastern USA

Mitchell¹,

et al. 2016

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Dedicated energy crops and crop residues will meet herbaceous feedstock demands for the new bioeconomy in the Central and Eastern USA. Perennial warm-season grasses and corn stover are well-suited to the eastern half of the USA and provide opportunities for expanding agricultural operations in the region. A suite of warm-season grasses and associated management practices have been developed by researchers from the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and collaborators associated with USDA Regional Biomass Research Centers. Second generation biofuel feedstocks provide an opportunity to increase the production of transportation fuels from recently fixed plant carbon rather than from fossil fuels. Although there is no "one-size-fitsall" bioenergy feedstock, crop residues like corn (Zea mays L.) stover are the most readily available bioenergy feedstocks. However, on marginally productive cropland, perennial grasses provide a feedstock supply while enhancing ecosystem services. Twenty-five years of research has demonstrated that perennial grasses like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) are profitable and environmentally sustainable on marginally productive cropland in the western Corn Belt and Southeastern USA.

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“…3). These decreases in stover biomass yields were less than those associated with a Rayne silt loam in Ohio with 100 % stover removal decreasing the biomass yield after two harvest cycles by roughly 25 % [16]. Further investigation of the ratio of each plant part to the WP revealed that stover removals greater than 50 % decreased the B/WP ratio (bottom to whole plant); conversely, T/WP ratio (top to whole plant) increased with removals approaching 75-100 %; Cob/WP ratio remained relatively steady.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Influence of Corn Residue Harvest Management on Grain, Stover, and Energy Yields

et al. 2014

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Economic, environmental, and energy independence issues are contributing to rising fossil fuel prices, petroleum supply concerns, and a growing interest in biomass feedstocks as renewable energy sources. Potential feedstocks include perennial grasses, timber, and annual grain crops with our focus being on corn (Zea mays L.) stover. A plot-scale study evaluating stover removal was initiated in 2008 on a South Carolina Coastal Plain Coxville/Rains-GoldsboroLynchburg soil association site. In addition to grain and stover yields, carbon balance, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and soil quality impact reported elsewhere in this issue, variation in gross energy distribution within various plant fractionswhole plant, below ear shank (bottom), above ear shank (top), cob, as well as leaves and stems of the bottom and top portions (n (part, year) =20) was measured with an isoperibol calorimeter. Stalks from above the ear shank were the most energy dense, averaging 18.8 MJ/kg db, and when combined with other plant parts from above the ear shank, the entire top half was more energy dense than the bottom half -18.4 versus 18.2 MJ/kg db. Gross energy content of the whole plant, including the cob, averaged 18.28±0.76 MJ/kg db. Over the 4 years, partial to total removal (i.e., 25 % to 100 %) of aboveground plant biomass could supply between 30 and 168 GJ/ha depending upon annual rainfall. At 168 GJ/ha, the quantity of corn stover biomass (whole plant) available in a 3,254-km 2 area (32 km radius) around the study site could potentially support a 500-MW power plant.

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Introducing the GRACEnet/REAP Data Contribution, Discovery, and Retrieval System

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

Multilocation Corn Stover Harvest Effects on Crop Yields and Nutrient Removal

Multilocation Corn Stover Harvest Effects on Crop Yields and Nutrient Removal

Dedicated Energy Crops and Crop Residues for Bioenergy Feedstocks in the Central and Eastern USA

Influence of Corn Residue Harvest Management on Grain, Stover, and Energy Yields

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