Introducing the sporobiota and sporobiome

Abstract

Unrelated spore-forming bacteria share unique characteristics stemming from the presence of highly resistant endospores, leading to similar challenges in health and disease. These characteristics are related to the presence of these highly transmissible spores, which are commonly spread within the environment and are implicated in host-to-host transmission. In humans, spore-forming bacteria contribute to a variety of pathological processes that share similar characteristics, including persistence, chronicity, relapses and the maintenance of the resistome. We first outline the necessity of characterizing the totality of the spore-forming bacteria as the sporobiota based on their unique common characteristics. We further propose that the collection of all genes of spore-forming bacteria be known as the sporobiome. Such differentiation is critical for exploring the cross-talk between the sporobiota and other members of the gut microbiota, and will allow for a better understanding of the implications of the sporobiota and sporobiome in a variety of pathologies and the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Sporaefaciens musculigen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the caecum of an obese mouse

“…Faecalicatena, Blautia, Coprococcus), Ruminococcaceae (Ruminococcus), and Eubacteriaceae 121 (Eubacterium). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of WCA-9-b2 T was ≥ 98% similar to already 122 published sequences of uncultured bacteria isolated from the caecum of both lean (DQ815562 [16] genome size than non-spore formers [3], which would be in accordance with the genome size of 157 strain WCA-9-b2 T . The chromosomal genome (5,426,837 bp) showed a G+C content at 44.4 % 158 which differed from the phylogenetic related bacteria listed in Table 1.…”

“…Metagenome sequencing has been an efficient tool to perform in silico characterisation of the 47 unculturable gut bacteria [2], although metagenome sequencing often misses spore-forming 48 bacteria due to the difficulty of DNA extraction from the robust structure of the spores [3]. As the 49 mammalian gut microbiota (GM) influences host health [4][5][6], combining in silico characterisation 50 of gut bacteria with culturing novel isolates in vitro opens new research avenues by investigating 51 their functional properties.…”

“…Genome annotation was conducted using PROKKA (v1.13 3). [30] and converted into KEGG 170 annotations using PROKKA2KEGG (https://github.com/SilentGene/Bio-Page 8 of 17 py/tree/master/prokka2kegg) for comparison against the KEGG database.…”

Bacterial DNA promotes Tau aggregation

“…2B). Interestingly, Tetzerella alzheimeri (VT-16-1752 gen.nov, sp.nov) is a new species which was isolated from the oral cavity of a patient with AD [43]. Moderate promoting effect was observed with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Borrelia burgdorferi , and no significant effect was detectable for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Tetzosporium hominis (Fig.…”

“…RQUW00000000) []. Notably, the DNA of T. alzheimeri [43] (together with that of E. coli ) evinced the highest promoting activity relative to other bacteria.…”