Introduction

Jacobson, Rodolfo

doi:10.1515/9783110808742.1

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In broad agreement with Weston’s findings, we conclude that it is not a straightforward matter to characterise HECS patterns in a country like India, even when the linguistic data being analysed originate from a relatively socio-economically homogeneous group such as the Bollywood personalities in this study. Education (Dabrowska, 2012) and SES (Jacobson, 1990) undoubtedly have strong influences on an individual’s speech patterns, as do place of origin (Li, 1995) or personality (Dewaele & Li, 2014). However, it is difficult to determine what the effect of such variables might be on the current data set given that practically all the speakers were well-educated, affluent, and cosmopolitan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of code-switching (CS), variationist approaches have focused on the correlation of particular speech patterns with broad social and economic variables (see reviews in Gardner-Chloros, 2009; Poplack, 1993). While many researchers have studied CS patterns in relation to demographic variables such as ethnicity (Stell, 2010), socio-economic status (SES; Jacobson, 1990), or age (reviewed in Alfonzetti, 2005), there are few that have systematically explored variation at the level of the individual. Cheshire and Gardner-Chloros (1998) reported some preliminary findings on differences between Greek-Cypriot-English bilinguals in London, in terms of variation in the type of switching they engaged in (the types investigated were turn switching, single-word switching, inter-sentential switching and intra-sentential switching).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-individual differences in Hindi–English code-switching: A quantitative approach

Ellison

2022

International Journal of Bilingualism

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Aims and objectives: Variationist studies on code-switching (CS) have focused on community-level differences driven by variables such as age, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. Studies on inter-individual variation that make use of naturalistic speech need to be prioritised, especially in countries with large, diverse populations, such as India. This article presents a quantitative analysis of the Hindi–English CS (HECS) patterns among speakers of comparable socio-economic status and clusters them based on similarities in their CS strategies. Methodology: Television interviews of Hindi movie (Bollywood) personalities were transcribed and coded for Hindi and English lexemes. Bespoke software in Python was used to calculate five numerical indices to describe each speaker’s CS pattern. Data and analysis: The interviews from 28 speakers ranged between 20 and 40 minutes each. Cluster analysis was carried out in SPSS to produce a typology of CS strategies. Findings/conclusions: A total of six CS strategies were identified, with five being employed by both older and younger speakers and only one being used only by a single age group. Most CS strategies are therefore not age-specific. A number of hypothetical scenarios are presented, to demonstrate how individual CS strategies might change with time. Originality: This is the first study to systematically and quantitatively investigate inter-individual differences in HECS, using naturalistic speech in semi-controlled conditions. It is also the first to propose a typology of HECS strategies. Implications: There was significant variation in CS strategy even within the relatively homogeneous group of speakers investigated in this study. The overall variation in the whole of Hindi-speaking India must therefore be far greater. This suggests that certain predictions regarding the predictability of CS patterns from the contact situation (e.g., that postcolonial contexts result in insertional CS) may need to be refined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-individual differences in Hindi–English code-switching: A quantitative approach

Ellison

2022

International Journal of Bilingualism

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“…Od czasu sformułowania tych dwóch zasad wielu badaczy weryfikowało je w swoich pracach (m.in. Clyne 1987, Belazi, Rubin i Toribio 1994, Jacobson 1998, niejednokrotnie wykazując niezgodność założeń Poplack z rzeczywistością wykazaną w analizie tekstów dwujęzycznych. Zarzucano teorii Poplack zbyt szybkie wyciągnięcie daleko idących wniosków na podstawie badania jednej pary języków.…”

Section: Typologie I Strukturalne Badania Nad Csunclassified

Kilka uwag o zastosowaniu modelu MLF. Forma rzeczownika w polsko-angielskim przełączaniu kodów

Northeast

2018

Polonica

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Kilka uwag o zastosowaniu modelu MLF. Forma rzeczownika w polsko-angielskim przełączaniu kodów 1. Wprowadzenie Ukazanie się książki U. Weinreicha "Languages in Contact" w 1953 r. stanowi cezurę dla badań nad kontaktem językowym, a w konsekwencji również początek studiów nad przełączaniem kodów (code-switching, CS) 1. Jak podają badacze tego zjawiska (Benson 2001, Nilep 2006), w 1947 r. G. Barker opisał je, jeszcze go jednak nie nazywając, w kon tekście cech komunikacji Meksykanów mieszkających w Arizonie. W 1954 r., zaledwie rok po wydaniu książki Weinreicha, powstał artykuł H. Vogta, w którym autor użył terminu code-switching. Od początku lat 70. XX w. językoznawcy zaczęli badać to zjawisko na szeroką skalę, przeprowadzając analizy z różnych perspektyw metodologicznych. Pierwotnie dominowały dwa główne nurty: socjolingwistyczny, badający ogólne przyczyny zmiany kodu językowego w komunikacji osób dwujęzycznych, i strukturalny, który, zwłaszcza w początkowym stadium, poszukiwał uniwersalnej gramatyki CS. Z czasem zaczęto wykorzystywać inne nurty: m.in. psycholingwistyczny, dyskursywny, kognitywny oraz analizę konwersacyjną. Część badaczy, m.in. J.P. Blom i J. Gumperz (1972), S. Poplack (1980), P. Muysken (2000) poruszała problem typologii przełączania kodów w zależności od przyjętych podejść. Wybrane metodologie wpływały również na sposoby definiowania przełączania kodów. Weinreich rozumiał to zjawisko dość szeroko jako wtrącenie elementu (np. wyrazu) z innego języka (lub stylu wypowiedzi) do języka wypowiedzi. Takie ujęcie wynikało z jego skupienia się na innych aspektach kontaktu językowego: interferencji i pożyczaniu (Schmitt 2015: 20). Jak zauważa E. Boztepe (2003: 4), wśród badaczy nie ma zgodności co do definicji przełączania kodów, a na przestrzeni lat proponowano także inne terminy, które miały zastąpić code-switching lub opisywać inne zjawiska za-1 W tym artykule określenia przełączanie kodów, code-switching oraz CS są stosowane wymiennie.

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“…This can go beyond mere insertion of borrowed words, fillers and phrases, and include morphological and grammatical mixing. Such shifts not only convey group identity [2], embody societal patterning [3] and signal cultural discourse strategies [4] but also have been shown to reduce the social and interpersonal distance [5] in both formal [6,7] and informal settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Code-switched Speech and Language Processing

Sitaram¹,

Chandu²,

Rallabandi³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Code-switching, the alternation of languages within a conversation or utterance, is a common communicative phenomenon that occurs in multilingual communities across the world. This survey reviews computational approaches for codeswitched Speech and Natural Language Processing. We motivate why processing code-switched text and speech is essential for building intelligent agents and systems that interact with users in multilingual communities. As code-switching data and resources are scarce, we list what is available in various code-switched language pairs with the language processing tasks they can be used for. We review code-switching research in various Speech and NLP applications, including language processing tools and end-to-end systems. We conclude with future directions and open problems in the field.

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Introduction

Cited by 3 publications

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Inter-individual differences in Hindi–English code-switching: A quantitative approach

Inter-individual differences in Hindi–English code-switching: A quantitative approach

Kilka uwag o zastosowaniu modelu MLF. Forma rzeczownika w polsko-angielskim przełączaniu kodów

A Survey of Code-switched Speech and Language Processing

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