Introduction

Bhate-Deosthali, Padma; Rege, Sangeeta; Prakash, Padma

doi:10.4324/9780367818531-1

Cited by 4 publications

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“…As women have inevitable contact with the health system, doctors, nurses, and hospital-based crisis centres can play a critical role in supporting women. 44 Thus, the penalisation of marital rape and sensitisation of the health system and police can help build a sensitive response of police towards survivors of sexual violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s experiences of marital rape and sexual violence within marriage in India: evidence from service records

Deosthali

Rege

Arora

2022

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters

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Sexual violence within marriage is common and manifests in various forms, including marital rape. It has serious physical and mental health consequences and is a violation of women’s sexual and reproductive health rights. Marital rape, reproductive coercion, inserting objects in the vagina or anus, and withholding sexual pleasure are forms of violence routinely experienced by women. Based on service records of survivors coming to public hospitals in an Indian city, this paper presents their pathways to disclosure and institutional responses such as hospitals and police. The findings highlight that a large proportion of survivors of domestic violence confide having experienced forced sexual intercourse by the husband while sharing their experience of physical, economic, and emotional violence with crisis intervention counsellors. However, a small number of women do report marital rape to formal systems like hospitals and police. These systems respond inadequately to women reporting marital rape, as the rape law exempts rape by husband. Sexual violence within marriage can have serious health consequences, and a sensitive healthcare provider can create an enabling environment for disclosing abuse and providing relevant care and support. The paper argues that a necessary precondition to enable women to access health care and justice is to nullify “Exception 2 to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code” This exception exempts rape by the husband from the purview of the rape law.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s experiences of marital rape and sexual violence within marriage in India: evidence from service records

Deosthali

Rege

Arora

2022

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…India has recommended that frontline health workers be trained in recognising and addressing signs of domestic violence, but the efficacy of this approach is not well understood. 17 46 Additionally, while some guidelines on the Indian health sector response to sexual violence exist, there are not comprehensive protocols for screenings to be included in all facility-based health interactions in India, and most medical staff do not receive the necessary training for widespread rollout of this approach. 17 18 The results of this analysis suggest that health interactions can be an important point of identification for women experiencing MSV, and may be appropriate venues in which to provide resources and support for prevention and mitigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 17 46 Additionally, while some guidelines on the Indian health sector response to sexual violence exist, there are not comprehensive protocols for screenings to be included in all facility-based health interactions in India, and most medical staff do not receive the necessary training for widespread rollout of this approach. 17 18 The results of this analysis suggest that health interactions can be an important point of identification for women experiencing MSV, and may be appropriate venues in which to provide resources and support for prevention and mitigation. While some components of this integration approach have been rolled out in smaller settings, their effectiveness, pathways and mechanisms merit careful evaluation prior to scale-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some components of this integration approach have been rolled out in smaller settings, their effectiveness, pathways and mechanisms merit careful evaluation prior to scale-up. 17 47 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MSV in India is thus an injustice for which there are limited legal protections at present, patchy structural response and support services, and pervasive social barriers around disclosure and redressal. 17 18 To date, the focus of research on MSV has predominantly been on understanding its prevalence, sociodemographic correlates and its relationship with earlier marriage of girls, providing insights into the social and spatial distribution of the issue in India. 4 12 19–22 A major gap in our understanding at present is in examining the role of women’s agency and key determinants within the couple’s relationship that might explain this issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opening closed doors: using machine learning to explore factors associated with marital sexual violence in a cross-sectional study from India

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesSexual violence against women is pervasive in India. Most of this violence is experienced in the context of marriage, and rates of marital sexual violence (MSV) have been relatively stagnant over the past decade. This paper machine learning algorithms paired with qualitative thematic analysis to identify new and potentially modifiable factors influencing MSV in India.Design, setting and participantsThis cross-sectional analysis of secondary data used data from in-person interviews with ever-married women aged 15–49 who responded to gender-based violence questions in the nationally representative 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (N=66 013), collected between 20 January 2015 and 4 December 2016. Analyses included iterative thematic analysis (L-1 regularised regression followed by iterative qualitative thematic coding of L-2 regularised regression results) and neural network modelling.Outcome measureParticipants reported their experiences of sexual violence perpetrated by their current (or most recent) husband in the previous 12 months. These responses were aggregated into any vs no recent MSV.ResultsNearly 7% of women experienced MSV in the past 12 months. Major themes associated with MSV through iterative thematic analysis included experiences of/exposure to violence, sexual behaviour, decision making and freedom of movement, sociodemographics, access to media, health knowledge, health system interaction, partner control, economic agency, reproductive and maternal history, and health status. A neural network model identified variables that largely corresponded to these themes.ConclusionsThis analysis identified several themes that may be promising avenues to identify and support women experiencing MSV, and to mitigate these traumatic experiences. In particular, amplifying screening activities at health encounters, especially among women who appear to have compromised health or restricted agency, may enable a greater number of women access to essential physical and emotional support services, and merits further consideration.

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Seeking Help From Primary Health-Care Providers in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review of the Experiences of Migrant and Refugee Survivors of Domestic Violence

Allen-Leap

Hooker

Wild

et al. 2022

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Migrant and refugee women experiencing domestic violence (DV) may face compounding factors that impact their ability and experiences of seeking help. Health-care providers are in a unique position to identify and assist victims of DV, however, they often lack the confidence and training to do this well. Little is known of the health-care experiences of migrant and refugee women experiencing abuse when they access primary health care (PHC). Using scoping review methodology, we undertook a systematic search of seven databases (Medline, Scopus, ProQuest, CINAHL, Informit Complete, and Google Scholar). We sought peer-reviewed and grey literature, published in English between January 1980 and August 2021 that identified women (18+) who had experienced DV, from low- or middle-income countries (LMICs), seeking help or health care in a primary care setting of a high-income country (HIC). Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings identify sociocultural and sociopolitical barriers for migrant and refugee women seeking help for DV, which are contextualized within the ecological model. Migration-related factors and fear were major barriers for migrant and refugee women, while kindness, empathy and trust in health-care providers, and children’s well-being were the strongest motivators for help-seeking and disclosure. This review provides insight into an under-researched and marginalized group of victim-survivors and highlights the need for increased awareness, guidance, and continuing education for health-care providers and health-care systems to provide best practice DV care for migrant and refugee women.

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Introduction

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Women’s experiences of marital rape and sexual violence within marriage in India: evidence from service records

Women’s experiences of marital rape and sexual violence within marriage in India: evidence from service records

Opening closed doors: using machine learning to explore factors associated with marital sexual violence in a cross-sectional study from India

Seeking Help From Primary Health-Care Providers in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review of the Experiences of Migrant and Refugee Survivors of Domestic Violence

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