In light of events at the Daiichi nuclear plant this paper discusses the origins of nuclear power in Japan. These origins lie in a confluence of forces: strategic, economic and cultural. Drawing inspiration from the work of Antonio Gramsci, the paper considers the operation of these forces through an historical lens, with an emphasis on Japan's transition from feudalism to capitalism; the emergence of imperialism and ultra-nationalism; the post-surrender occupation of Japan by the United States; and the post-Occupation debate over nuclear power. Gramscian analysis highlights the key role of both the state and civil society in the promotion of science and technology as a tool of economic growth and as a symbol of national autonomy. The article suggests that -despite the Fukushima tragedy -Japan will continue to develop its nuclear industry for many years to come. This is the case not only because of ongoing strategic concerns and the power of the 'nuclear village', but also because the ideology of techno-nationalism is deeply ingrained within and throughout Japanese society.The radiation leak suffered by Japan on 11 March 2011 will have long-term repercussions, both domestically and globally. A number of governments -most prominently the Federal Republic of Germany -were quick to announce reviews of their nuclear programmes as a consequence of the radiation leak at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, and the decision taken by the Japanese government to scale back its plans for nuclear expansion will have important demonstration effects elsewhere.