When environmental factors, such as the microclimate, in-depth knowledge is important in understanding spatial issues related to health. We spend most of the day indoors, so ventilation conditions are especially important, given their impact on our well-being, satisfaction, productivity, and health. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of modern methods of ventilation of individual indoor spaces with special attention paid to natural ventilation. The key questions raised for this purpose are: What systems are in use today, what are their shortcomings and the challenges that we face, how had the problem of ventilation been addressed in the past, and how can traditional knowledge be applied in modern architecture? To be able to answer this, clear physical laws must be defined. The article presents the standard methods of ventilation of buildings around the world and gives suggestions for their use in the design of quality and sustainably designed open and closed spaces (buildings and their indoor spaces). Examples of the use of natural ventilation and samples of combining established ventilation principles, considering the legality of microclimatic factors, with modern technologies of mechanical ventilation and permeable facade systems are collected. The core of the article refers to the question: What are the possibilities for the ventilation of buildings that ensure the appropriate indoor air quality while simultaneously allowing for the ambient integration with the natural environment?
