Introduction and Perspectives

Dunn‐Rankin, Derek; Miyasato, Matt; Pham, Trinh K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804557-2.00001-8

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Fuel flexibility, ambient temperature, fuel calorific/ heating values, operating conditions, interaction of turbulent chemistry, and flow rates can considerably affect the combustion stability. 51 Non-premixed flames have a wider stability range; however, NO x formation is significantly increased at greater splits of non-premixed fuel. 52 There are some issues with the DLN system operation, such as combustion instabilities, flashback, and LBO.…”

Section: Existing Burner Technologies In Lpm Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Combustion in Gas Turbines

2020

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Strict emission control regulations call for continuous advancement in existing combustion and carbon-capture technologies to mitigate the rise in pollutants and greenhouse gases from fossil fuel combustion. Concurrently, improvements in combustion systems would also yield lower fuel consumption and operational cost with greater efficiency. This review addresses these concerns and presents the overview of different combustion technologies and burner designs for cleaner power generation in gas turbines. Emission characteristics are discussed and compared for different combustion concepts, including lean premixed air combustion and oxy-combustion. Various gas turbine burner technologies, including dry low NO x , enhanced-vortex, perforated-plate, and micromixer burners, are discussed extensively, in terms of their operating principle, fuel flexibility, and potential for superior performance under oxy-combustion conditions. Enhanced-vortex and micromixer burners show remarkable flame stability and fuel flexibility and are thus recommended for implementation with hydrogen enrichment in future oxy-fuel gas turbines. The fuel-flexibility approaches for clean energy production, such as hydrogen combustion, hydrogen-enriched combustion, syngas combustion, ammonia combustion, and fuel blending, are explored as well. With the vast recent advances in the techniques of hydrogen production and storage, hydrogen-fueled gas turbines seem to be the perfect choice for clean energy production. The adiabatic flame temperature is identified as a key controlling parameter for the design of oxidizer-flexible combustors in clean gas turbines.

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Section: Existing Burner Technologies In Lpm Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Combustion in Gas Turbines

2020

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“…When the combustion of fuel takes place in excess air (compared to stoichiometric requirement) for a unit mass of fuel, it is known as lean burn combustion . Until the 1950s, the concept of lean combustion was only used to understand the risk involved in the explosion study.…”

Section: Last Mile Connectivity Of Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the emission of NO x was not included in the act; in 1970, the standard was amended for a 90% reduction of NO x from the existing level in 1971, which got implemented in 1978. With the help of these regulations, the lean burn combustion technology research got a big push …”

Section: Last Mile Connectivity Of Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Economy and Role of Hythane as a Bridging Solution: A Perspective Review

2021

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Molecular hydrogen is the most optimistic solution for achieving a carbon-neutral energy economy, and it requires scientific intervention for its production, storage, and transportation. In the present time, hydrogen is produced primarily from conventional fossil fuels. Hydrogen production from natural gas using partial oxidation and steam reforming processes is a relatively mature process. However, several modifications and improvements are being researched. Hydrogen generation from potential renewable and biological sources such as water splitting and biomass conversion are propitious approaches. Hydrogen is one of the smallest molecules, and the volumetric efficiency of its storage is quite poor. The creative and innovative ways for molecular hydrogen storage, including pressurized, liquified, physically adsorbed, chemically adsorbed, and in the form of gas hydrates, are being investigated. The delay in developing a systematic and mature hydrogen economy is mainly due to challenging storage conditions and the safety aspect of its transportation. Hythane, a patented mixture of hydrogen and natural gas, can act as a bridge for the hydrogen economy by sharing the current natural gas infrastructure. This review delivers an extensive understanding of the properties of hythane fuel with a brief history. Hydrogen addition can increase NO x emissions due to exceptional heat generation that can be solved to a certain extent with the approach of inventive technologies developed for internal combustion engines, including three-way catalyst, lean burn combustion, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and direct fuel injection (DFI).

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“…Owing to increasing demands for energy safety, together with the issue of atmospheric pollution, enhanced engine efficiency, in addition to minimized pollutant emissions, is highly desirable. Stratified or lean combustion is a technology, which possesses the capability to meet these needs. , Lean combustion might be beneficial for engine thermal efficiency with the help of a reduction of pumping losses, heat losses, and endothermic dissociation losses. , Operating with excess oxygen might result in complete combustion, accordingly, generating more energy for each mole of fuel. , Moreover, the mixture’s ratio of specific heats exhibits an increase with the growth of air–fuel ratio (AFR); additionally, it might theoretically lead to better engine thermal efficiency . The emissions in lean circumstances are different from their stoichiometrically fueled counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions typically decrease more owing to thorough combustion. Nevertheless, as the lean burn approaches misfires, the combustion exhibits inconsistency with the increase in the production of HC and CO emissions. , Nitric oxide (NO X ) emissions normally reach the highest point in slightly lean circumstances (1.05 ≤ λ ≤ 1.1, λ or lambda is defined as excess air coefficient). Making the mixture more lean above this range might bring down the NO X due to low peak cylinder temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lean Burn Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine with an Ethanol–Gasoline Dual Injection System

Zhuang

Hong

2018

Energy Fuels

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A spark ignition (SI) engine with an ethanol direct injection (EDI) and gasoline port injection (GPI) system has been studied quite recently. In order to investigate its application, experiments were carried out on a single-cylinder 250 cm3 short stroke motorcycle SI engine, which is supplied with the ethanol–gasoline dual injection system. Experimental findings have revealed that EDI helped increase the lean combustion limit owing to the combination effects of the dual injection and ethanol fuel. At the identical engine speed and load, the lean burn limit in the dual injection model was, on average, 0.2 times higher than that in the corresponding single GPI model. Increasing ethanol energy ratio (EER) gave rise to the increase in the lean burn limit; nevertheless, the increase rate began reducing when the EER was above 48% and 42% at 4000 and 3500 rpm, correspondingly. Subsequently, late ethanol direct injection (LEDI), following the intake valve closing slightly extended the lean burn limit, probably, owing to the unsatisfactory mixture quality. Early ethanol direct injection (EEDI) prior to the intake valve closing was more helpful in increasing lean burn limit as compared with the LEDI. Nonetheless, further advance of spark timing earlier than 35 crank angle degress before top dead center (CAD BTDC) in LEDI situation, in addition 30 CAD BTDC in EEDI situation, might lead to reduction of the lean burn limit.

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Introduction and Perspectives

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Review of Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Combustion in Gas Turbines

Review of Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Combustion in Gas Turbines

Hydrogen Economy and Role of Hythane as a Bridging Solution: A Perspective Review

Lean Burn Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine with an Ethanol–Gasoline Dual Injection System

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