In order to improve the digital communication effect of Chinese classic literary works, this paper combines virtual reality technology to carry out the digital system design of Chinese classic literary works, improve the digital design effect of Chinese classic literary works, and develop an augmented reality interaction method based on the HoloLens platform. Moreover, this paper analyzes the lighting model in computer graphics and the rendering process of three-dimensional objects in combination with the digitization requirements of literary works and realizes the rendering of special effects by customizing the lighting model in the shader. The research shows that the digital design system of Chinese classic literary works based on virtual reality technology proposed in this paper has a good effect on the digital protection of Chinese classic literary works.