Introduction in thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers

Bîrcă, Alexandra Cătălina; Gherasim, Oana; Grumezescu, Valentina; Grumezescu, Alexandru Mihai

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816874-5.00001-3

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Many examples of the use of polyester scaffolds as thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics are described in the literature [ 7 , 8 ]. A problem encountered with semicrystalline thermoplastic materials is the presence of crystalline regions that possess both crystalline and amorphous domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Impact of Polyols on the Properties of Bio-Based Polyesters

et al. 2020

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Bio-based polyol polyesters are biodegradable elastomers having potential utility in soft tissue engineering. This class of polymers can serve a wide range of biomedical applications. Materials based on these polymers are inherently susceptible to degradation during the period of implantation. Factors that influence the physicochemical properties of polyol polyesters might be useful in achieving a balance between durability and biodegradability. The characterization of these polyol polyesters, together with recent comparative studies involving creative synthesis, mechanical testing, and degradation, have revealed many of their molecular-level differences. The impact of the polyol component on the properties of these bio-based polyesters and the optimal reaction conditions for their synthesis are only now beginning to be resolved. This review describes our current understanding of polyol polyester structural properties as well as a discussion of the more commonly used polyol monomers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Impact of Polyols on the Properties of Bio-Based Polyesters

et al. 2020

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“…The classification of polyphosphazene is mainly based on its structural diversity and the hybrid nature of the backbone comprised of alternatingly arranged phosphorus and nitrogen atoms in inherent structure along with two chlorine atoms attached to each phosphorus atom. 18 Polyphosphazene chemistry can be modified and improved by chemical substitution of phosphorus attached to two chlorine atoms and various mono-, bi-, tri-, or multiple functional groups consisting of nucleophiles. 19 − 21 Those nucleophiles could be organometallic, inorganic, or organic in nature due to the extensive variety of polyphosphazene polymers used in multiple applications.…”

Section: Types Of Polyphosphazenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphazene Cyclomatrix Network-Based Polymer: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Applications

et al. 2022

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Polyphosphazenes are an inorganic molecular hybrid family with multifunctional properties due to their wide range of organic substitutes. This review intends to propose the basics of the synthetic chemistry of polyphosphazene, describing for researchers outside the field the basic knowledge required to design and prepare polyphosphazenes with desired properties. A special emphasis is placed on recent advances in chemical synthesis, which allow not only the synthesis of polyphosphazenes with controlled molecular weights and polydispersities but also the synthesis of novel branched designs and block copolymers. We also investigated the synthesis of polyphosphazenes using various functional materials. This review aims to assist researchers in synthesizing their specific polyphosphazene material with unique property combinations, with the hope of stimulating further research and even more innovative applications for these highly interesting multifaceted materials.

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“…The temperature of a glass transformation of the polymer depends on chemical structure, chemical or physical binding, and molecular weight. The value of T g is the crucial indicator for classifying a plastic compound either as a thermoplastic compound or as a thermosetting polymer [141].…”

Section: Thermosetting Pusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Resins for Wood Adhesives—A Review

et al. 2021

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This review article aims to summarize the potential of using renewable natural resources, such as lignin and tannin, in the preparation of NIPUs for wood adhesives. Polyurethanes (PUs) are extremely versatile polymeric materials, which have been widely used in numerous applications, e.g., packaging, footwear, construction, the automotive industry, the lighting industry, insulation panels, bedding, furniture, metallurgy, sealants, coatings, foams, and wood adhesives. The isocyanate-based PUs exhibit strong adhesion properties, excellent flexibility, and durability, but they lack renewability. Therefore, this study focused on the development of non-isocyanate polyurethane lignin and tannin resins for wood adhesives. PUs are commercially synthesized using polyols and polyisocyanates. Isocyanates are toxic, costly, and not renewable; thus, a search of suitable alternatives in the synthesis of polyurethane resins is needed. The reaction with diamine compounds could result in NIPUs based on lignin and tannin. The research on bio-based components for PU synthesis confirmed that they have good characteristics as an alternative for the petroleum-based adhesives. The advantages of improved strength, low curing temperatures, shorter pressing times, and isocyanate-free properties were demonstrated by lignin- and tannin-based NIPUs. The elimination of isocyanate, associated with environmental and human health hazards, NIPU synthesis, and its properties and applications, including wood adhesives, are reported comprehensively in this paper. The future perspectives of NIPUs’ production and application were also outlined.

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Introduction in thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers

Cited by 35 publications

References 164 publications

Review on the Impact of Polyols on the Properties of Bio-Based Polyesters

Review on the Impact of Polyols on the Properties of Bio-Based Polyesters

Phosphazene Cyclomatrix Network-Based Polymer: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Applications

Recent Developments in Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Resins for Wood Adhesives—A Review

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