“…However, scholars have also complicated the assumption that sexologists automatically and consistently associated non-procreative sex with deviance, perversion, or degeneration. Evidence from sexological case studies reveals that, when confronted with a diversity of individual expressions of sexual desire, sexual scientists struggled to hold onto neat taxonomic schemes that would allow them to classify behaviours as either healthy or pathological, normal or perverse (Crozier, 2008b;Damousi, Lang, and Sutton, 2019;Doan, 2013;Downing, 2011;Lang, Damousi, and Lewis, 2017;Millard and Callard, 2020;Oosterhuis, 2000). As a result, concepts of the 'healthy', 'normal', and 'natural' were inconsistently applied and widely discussed (Cryle and Stephens, 2017;Doan, 2013).…”