Introduction of 3‐Hydroxypropionate Moieties to Polystyrene by “Graft Through” Strategy

Abstract

3‐hydroxypropionate moieties grafted polystyrene [poly(S‐g‐3HP)] was prepared by sequentially applying the hydrogen‐transfer polymerization (HTP) and the free‐radical polymerization (FRP) via “grafting through” strategy. For this purpose, oligomeric poly(3‐hydroxypropionate) with vinyl end‐group (P3HP) was prepared via HTP of acrylic acid in the presence of tNaBuO as an alkaline catalyst. Then, the oligomeric P3HP was used as a comonomer in the FRP of styrene yielding the poly(S‐g‐3HP) copolymer, namely chemically modified polystyrene. 1H‐NMR, FTIR, DSC, TGA, GPC, and MALDI MS techniques were applied to confirm the structures of both the oligomer and modified polystyrene. Glass transition temperatures of the modified polystyrene samples were found to be decreased from 103 to 84 °C depending upon the amount of 3‐hydroxypropionate (3HP) moieties. Solution‐cast films were prepared by the polystyrene homopolymer and modified polystyrenes. The contact angle values were determined to decrease gradually from 87.5 to 53.7° with increasing the amount of the 3HP moiety grafted polystyrene.

Deproteinized natural rubber‐graft‐polyacrylamide‐graft‐polystyrene (DPNR‐g‐PAM‐g‐PSt): Preparation and performance study of a new water swellable rubber

“…St is easy to prepare, low cost, hard and brittle, and through grafting, toughens NR while improving its own brittleness. 38 The addition of Acrylamide (AM) significantly improves the water absorption of the product, its own thermal stability and salt resistance is also improved. [39][40][41][42] Bentonite is used in the following fields: (1) Bentonite mud can be used as drilling fluid.…”

“…A great deal of academic research has been conducted on composite materials, 28–37 which often perform better than their components. St is easy to prepare, low cost, hard and brittle, and through grafting, toughens NR while improving its own brittleness 38 . The addition of Acrylamide (AM) significantly improves the water absorption of the product, its own thermal stability and salt resistance is also improved 39–42 .…”

Synthesis and characterization of poly(β-alanine-b-vinyl benzyl-g-vinyl chloride) block-graft copolymers by using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and 'click' chemistry

“…A well-known technique for creating poly-β-alanine is hydrogen transfer polymerization (HTP). The promising process of HTP can introduce functional groups into the primary chain of macromolecules [24][25][26]. However, it is crucial to add a functional group to the monomer's amide nitrogen.…”

Modification of Poly(Styrene‐co‐Acrylonitrile) with Tetrazine by Inverse Electron Demand Diels‐Alder Reaction

“…“Click” techniques have appeared in the synthesis of new nanostructured polymers, which enable them to take place in many intellectual worlds of science. The main characteristics of “click” chemistry are indicated by simple product isolations, high tolerances of functional groups, superior regional selectivity, lack of by‐products, light, and simple reaction conditions, respectively [5–12] . The Diels‐Alder reaction was first performed in 1928 by Diels and Alder [13] .…”

“…The main characteristics of "click" chemistry are indicated by simple product isolations, high tolerances of functional groups, superior regional selectivity, lack of byproducts, light, and simple reaction conditions, respectively. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The Diels-Alder reaction was first performed in 1928 by Diels and Alder. [13] Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction (IEDDA), namely tetrazine ligation, has high selectivity and super-fast kinetics.…”