Introduction of a conceptual model for integrating the MMPI-2-RF into HCR-20V3 violence risk assessments and associations between the MMPI-2-RF and institutional violence.

Abstract

Reflecting the need to prevent violence, structured professional judgment assessment tools have been developed specifically to assess the likelihood of future violence. These tools typically integrate data from clinical interviews and collateral records to assist in the conceptualization of violence risk, but objective psychological testing may also be useful in completing the instruments. The authors describe the advantages of using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in this manner with the Historical Clinical Management-20 Version 3 (HCR-20). Accordingly, they have 2 purposes. First, they sought to identify conceptual links between the constructs measured by the tools and introduce a model to integrate MMPI-2-RF findings into an HCR-20 risk assessment. Second, although the authors did not have collateral HCR-20 ratings, they sought to examine associations between the MMPI-2-RF scales and future violence in a sample of 303 psychiatric patients (233 males, 70 females) adjudicated as not guilty by reason of insanity. The authors found that the MMPI-2-RF scales demonstrated significant, meaningful associations with a count of future violent acts at the hospital. The largest associations involved scales measuring emotional dysregulation and externalizing dysfunction. These associations were qualified by relative risk ratio analyses indicating that patients producing elevations on these scales were at 1.5 to 2.5 times greater risk of future violence than those without elevations. Overall, the findings indicated that most MMPI-2-RF scales conceptually linked to the HCR-20 risk factors were associated with future violence. In light of these findings, the authors discuss recommendations for integrating the MMPI-2-RF when interpreting HCR-20 risk factors. (PsycINFO Database Record

Predictive Validity of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form Scale Scores in an Intimate Partner Violence Intervention Program

“…Several of these same externalizing and emotion dysregulation scales, with the exceptions of Antisocial Behaviors (RC4) and Behavior-Restricting Fears (BRF) scores, were significantly associated with having a new arrest, but only RC4 was significantly associated with IPV recidivism. The correlation findings between new arrests and MMPI-2-RF scores are consistent with Tarescavage et al (2016), who found that scales measuring emotional and externalizing dysfunction were significantly associated with future violence in a sample of psychiatric inpatients. The current findings indicate that recidivating IPV offenses, however, may be more closely related to a propensity for disobeying rules and authority (i.e., high scores on RC4; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008/2011), rather than emotional and externalizing problems.…”

“…Indeed, a widely used assessment of personality and psychopathology, MMPI-2-RF, may be a useful supplement for identifying individuals’ RNR factors. Mattson et al (2012), Tarescavage, Luna-Jones et al (2014), Tarescavage et al (2016), and Sellbom et al (2008) generally showed that MMPI-2-RF scales that measure emotional and externalizing dysfunction were associated with adverse outcomes, such as failure to complete treatment and recidivism in forensic settings. As such, we expected statistically significant associations with treatment dismissal and various recidivism variables for MMPI-2-RF scores from conceptually relevant externalizing scales (Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction [BXD], Family Problems [FML], Juvenile Conduct Problems [JCP], Substance Abuse [SUB], Aggression [AGG], Activation [ACT], Aggressiveness [AGGR-r], and Disconstraint [DISC-r]), emotional dysfunction scales (Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction [EID], Helplessness/Hopelessness [HLP], Self-Doubt [SFD], Inefficacy [NFC], Stress/Worry [STW], Anxiety [AXY], Anger Proneness [ANP], Behavior-Restricting Fears [BRF], Multiple Specific Fears [MSF], and Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism [NEGE-r]), and an interpersonal scale (Interpersonal Passivity [IPP]), in addition to the RC Scales previously found to be related to these outcomes by Sellbom et al (2008).…”

“…They found that higher scores on externalizing (i.e., Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction [BXD], Antisocial Behavior [RC4], Juvenile Conduct Problems [JCP], Aggression [AGG], and Disconstraint [DISC-r]) and aberrant experiences (i.e., Aberrant Experiences [RC8]) scales were associated with higher risk of failure to complete treatment. In addition, Tarescavage et al (2016) found that scores on MMPI-2-RF scales measuring emotion dysregulation and externalizing dysfunction were significantly associated with future violence in a sample of psychiatric inpatients. Furthermore, Tarescavage et al (2014) found that MMPI-2-RF externalizing scales—including Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction (BXD), Antisocial Behavior (RC4), Juvenile Conduct Problems (JCP), Substance Abuse (SUB), Aggression (AGG), Activation (ACT), and Disconstraint-Revised (DISC-r)—predicted probation violations after felonious crimes with moderate to large effect sizes.…”

Construct validity of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2‐Restructured Form scale scores in correctional settings

“…Future work focused on risk assessment and management is needed to examine whether those who score high on scales that are linked to Disinhibition/Externalizing (e.g. RC4, DISC‐r) might be of particular risk for institutional misconduct and future violence 66 . It is also important to examine whether disciplinary sanctions may be less effective with individuals who yield high scores on scales associated with the BAS (e.g.…”

“…RC4, DISC-r) might be of particular risk for institutional misconduct and future violence. 66 It is also important to examine whether disciplinary sanctions may be less effective with individuals who yield high scores on scales associated with the BAS (e.g. a combination of low RC2 and high RC9).…”