Introduction of Egg White and Yolk to Infant Diets and Early Childhood Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

This study investigated whether the introduction of allergenic foods in infancy is associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) in early childhood. Information regarding parental allergic histories, the introduction of six possible allergenic foods (fruits, egg white, egg yolk, fish, shellfish, and peanuts), and physician-diagnosed AD was obtained using age-specific questionnaires (0–2 years). Immunoglobulin E, specific to 20 food allergens, was also quantified at 12 months of age. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between individual food introduction and the outcomes of food sensitization and AD. We found AD development by 2 years of age was significantly related to a parental history of allergy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.29) and not being introduced to egg white and yolk during infancy (aORs = 2.27 and 1.97, respectively). Stratified analyses revealed that the introduction of both egg white and yolk was negatively associated with AD by 2 years of age, especially for those children where both parents had allergic diseases (aOR = 0.10). In summary, the introduction of egg white and yolk to an infant’s diet may be a modifiable factor in reducing the risk of physician-diagnosed AD by 2 years of age, which may be particularly important for infants where both parents have allergies.

Allergy Burden in Sichuan, China: Investigating Prevalence, Patterns, and Population Attributable Risks among Children

“…The initial 1000 days of life play a pivotal role in the development of food allergies, During the period from early pregnancy to childhood, it is essential to prioritize additional observational research and clinical trials 21 . These findings suggest that allergen sensitization may peak during early childhood and decline as children grow older, potentially indicating the development of immune tolerance over time [22][23][24] . The findings of this study are consistent with previous research, which also found that boys are more prone to developing asthma, rhinitis, and eczema 25 .…”

Effects of Early Diet on the Prevalence of Allergic Disease in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The risk of bias in randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool [ 21 ], and the risk of bias in non-RCT trials was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions tool [ 22 ]. For all study reports, the summary Tables ( Supplemental Tables 1 and 2 ) [ [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] ,…”

“…Eleven prospective cohort studies (41,637 participants) [ 15 , 42 , 48 , 77 , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , 87 , 89 , 91 ], 2 case-control studies (1142 participants) [ 62 , 86 ], 1 nested case-control study (1128 participants) [ 78 ], 1 cross-sectional study (760 participants) [ 65 ], and 1 cluster-randomized study (1239 participants) [ 26 ] reported on AD. Overall, in both intervention and observational studies, early complementary food introduction did not appear to be associated with the risk of AD (OR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.02; P = 0.13; moderate heterogeneity [I 2 = 47%]), shown in Supplemental Figure 13A .…”

“…Overall, in both intervention and observational studies, early complementary food introduction did not appear to be associated with the risk of AD (OR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.02; P = 0.13; moderate heterogeneity [I 2 = 47%]), shown in Supplemental Figure 13A . [ [15] , [26] , [42] , [48] , [62] , [65] , [77] , [78] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [86] , [87] , [89] , [91] ] A similar result was observed in the subgroup after stratification according to the timing of complementary food introduction ( Supplemental Figure 13B ) [ [15] , [26] , [42] , [48] , [62] , [65] , [77] , [78] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [86] , [87] , [89] , [91] ]. In addition, the results showed that the early introduction of complementary foods had no protective effect at any age after stratification ( Supplemental Figure 13C ) [ [15] , [26] , [42] , [48] , [62] , [65] , [77] , [78] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [86] , [87] , [89] , [91] ].…”

“…[ [15] , [26] , [42] , [48] , [62] , [65] , [77] , [78] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [86] , [87] , [89] , [91] ] A similar result was observed in the subgroup after stratification according to the timing of complementary food introduction ( Supplemental Figure 13B ) [ [15] , [26] , [42] , [48] , [62] , [65] , [77] , [78] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [86] , [87] , [89] , [91] ]. In addition, the results showed that the early introduction of complementary foods had no protective effect at any age after stratification ( Supplemental Figure 13C ) [ [15] , [26] , [42] , [48] , [62] , [65] , [77] , [78] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [86] , [87] , [89] , [91] ]. Meta-analysis of cohorts of high-risk AD and the general population also confirmed that early complementary food introduction and risk of AD are not associated ( Supplemental Figure 13D ) [ [15] , [26] , [42] , [48] , [62] , [65] , [77] , [78] , [81] …”