Introduction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence as a method to study silica inflammation in the tissue and phagocytic cells of rat lung.

Abstract

The inhalation of silica has been shown to produce a dramatic inflammatory and toxic response within the lungs of humans and laboratory animals. A variety of cellular and biochemical parameters are used to assess the silica-induced lung injury. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence as a new method to study inflammation in both phagocytic cells and lung tissue recovered from silica-exposed animals. Chemiluminescence, or the emission of light, accompanies the release of reactive forms of oxygen when phagocytic cells are challenged. In this study, male Fischer 344 rats were intratracheally instilled with either silica (10 mg/100 g bw) or saline vehicle. One day after the instillations, a marked increase in the chemiluminescence was observed in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage cells recovered from the silica-treated animals when compared with the saline controls. The light reaction was markedly decreased by either superoxide dismutase of N-nitro-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Superoxide dismutase is involved in the enzymatic breakdown of superoxide anion, while N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrocholoride, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, prevents the formation of nitric oxide. When superoxide anion and nitric oxide react, they form the highly oxidizing substance peroxynitrite. This study then implicates peroxynitrite as an agent that may be responsible for some of the oxidant lung injury that is associated with silica exposure. The use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence may prove valuable as a method to measure the earliest events in the inflammatory process, and may be an adjunct in studying the mechanisms that produce inflammation.

Effects of herbal multicomponent dietary supplement in experimental pneumonia

“…VL treatment of LPS pneumonia resulted in significant reduction of all measured ChL parameters compared to the LPS group ( -overproduction in blood plasma. I min decrease indicates improvement of antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress resistance in the blood plasma with VL treatment of LPS-induced pneumonia [22]. A similar enhancement of all ChL parameters was observed in whole blood (Table 3).…”

“…VL seems to enhance superoxide and other ROS production, which exhausts powerful compared to antioxidant activity in blood or lung tissue [22]. Cytokine expression.No differences occurred in pro-inflammatory cytokines expression 3 days after LPS injection (Fig.…”

Augmented Chemiluminescence Response of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells in Calves Receiving Repeated Daily Sprayings of Ammonia Mist into the Nasal Cavities.

“…The BAL cells were recovered from the lavage fluid by centrifugation and the nasal cavities enhanced the chemiluminescence response, a bactericidal index, of BAL phagocytes in calves. In humans and laboratory animals, chemiluminescence of BAL cells is introduced as a valuable parameter to assess the events in the inflammatory process and/or immune reaction in the lungs [1,5]. The present results, as observed in the silica-inhaled rats [1], clearly demonstrate the inflammatory cell reaction in the lungs due to ammonia inhalation.…”

Sequential Exposure to Carbon Nanotubes and Bacteria Enhances Pulmonary Inflammation and Infectivity

“…To estimate total lung oxidant burden, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was performed on BAL cells as a measure of the light generated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a Berthold LB953 luminometer (Wallace Inc., Gaithersburg, MD) as described previously (16). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (10 mM), a soluble stimulant of total BAL phagocytes, was added to the assay immediately before CL measurement to determine the contribution of BAL cells to the overall production of ROS in the lungs of the mice.…”