Introduction of Norplant® implants in four counties of rural China: A two-year evaluation

Zenger, Elizabeth; Shuhua, Qiu; Huimin, Fang

doi:10.1016/0010-7824(95)00224-3

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Dizziness: Reports indicate that 4%-11% of contraceptive implant users experience dizziness. The rate of dizziness tends to be higher in Norplant users than nonhormonal controls [ 34 ]. According to Brache et al, the annual occurrence rate was higher during the first year than subsequent years of use (5%-8% versus 3%-4%) [ 12 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications of Subcutaneous Contraception: A Review

Ramdhan¹,

Simonds

Wilson

et al. 2018

Cureus

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Over 62 million women in the United States are of childbearing age and 60% of them use contraception. Subcutaneous contraceptives include implantable contraceptives and subcutaneous injections. Implantable contraception involves subdermal time-release of synthetic progestin, which allows for several years of continuous, highly effective contraception. Its main effects are inhibition of ovulation and thickening of the cervical mucus. Many complications have been associated with subcutaneous contraception, including menstrual disturbances, headache, weight gain, acne, dizziness, mood disturbances, nausea, lower abdominal pain, hair loss, loss of libido, pain at the implant site, neuropathy, and follicular cysts. Using standard search engines, the complications of subcutaneous contraception are reviewed. Patients should be adequately counseled on the possible complications and side effects of subcutaneous contraception to help them make an informed decision when choosing the right contraceptive to meet their needs.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications of Subcutaneous Contraception: A Review

Ramdhan¹,

Simonds

Wilson

et al. 2018

Cureus

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“…A number of published papers feature results from the project, but only a couple-on receptivity to Norplant (Zenger, Qiu, and Fang 1995;Tu et al 1998)-are specifically related to the "treatments" adumbrated in Table 1. Most (Smith 1994;Tu 1995;Tu and Smith 1995;Qian 1997;Merli 1998;Merli and Raftery 2000;Merli and Smith 2002) do not, and none take any real account of the experimental design.…”

Section: Considerations In the Study's Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The Norplant termination rate during the study was the lowest of all counties, despite a comparatively high incidence of side effects (Zenger, Qiu, and Fang 1995). Was this an indication of difficult access to services in the most mountainous of the four counties?…”

Section: The Households They Selected For Our Visits All Displayed Thmentioning

confidence: 98%

Introducing New Contraceptives in Rural China: A Field Experiment

Smith

2005

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Scie

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The project on Introducing New Contraceptives in Rural China (INCRC) was carried out between 1991 and 1996 in four counties of rural north China. The experimental component involved the random assignment of a multipronged treatment to four townships in each county. Two townships per county served as controls. The scale of the project made it nearly impossible to maintain the integrity of the experimental model that was at the core of the project's design. In spite of the massive numbers of people in the catchment areas of the study (>100,000), the experimental design was of low power, with but eight controls on sixteen treatments; when random assignment is at higher levels of analysis, masses of individual observations only create greater precision in the estimation of higher-order observations. However, the study would not have been conducted, and valuable observations would not have been made, were it not conceived as an experiment.

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“…A range of tools and resources exist for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of family planning programs ( Adamou et al, 2013 ; Barden O’Fallon & Bisgrove, 2016 ; MEASURE Evaluation, 2018 ). Research studies evaluating pilot introductions of new contraceptive methods—including review of service statistics in some cases—are also well documented in the literature ( Garza-Flores et al, 1998 ; Gribble, Lundgren, Velasquez, & Anastasi, 2008 ; Hubacher, Akora, Masaba, Chen, & Veena, 2014 ; Lundgren et al, 2012 ; Zenger, Shuhua, & Huimin, 1995 ). However, there is a lack of published material to guide the specific process for using monitoring systems to generate data on pilot introductions of new contraceptive technologies in national family planning programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a global monitoring system for pilot introduction of a new contraceptive technology, subcutaneous DMPA (DMPA-SC)

Stout

Wood

Namagembe³

et al. 2018

Evaluation and Program Planning

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HighlightsFrom 2014 to 2016, the MOHs of Burkina Faso, Niger, Senegal and Uganda launched pilot introductions of the novel injectable contraceptive DMPA-SC.This manuscript describes a four-phase approach to monitoring DMPA-SC pilot introduction across the four countries.Existing national family planning registers were used to monitor DMPA-SC pilot introductions, with modifications.Comprehensive data from DMPA-SC pilot introduction informed decisions about future investments in the product and scaling product availability nationally.

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Introduction of Norplant® implants in four counties of rural China: A two-year evaluation

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Complications of Subcutaneous Contraception: A Review

Complications of Subcutaneous Contraception: A Review

Introducing New Contraceptives in Rural China: A Field Experiment

Designing a global monitoring system for pilot introduction of a new contraceptive technology, subcutaneous DMPA (DMPA-SC)

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