“…Figure 13(d) demonstrates the fiber/matrix interface stability in the UP/W ,SG composite after aging. The findings can be explained by the stability of produced nonwovens under different climates, as previously confirmed by Sajid et al, 36 affirming the strong adherence between nonwovens and the matrix and implying that produced composites are more climate stable and can be used for a long period. 8,63 Figure 13.SEM images of (a) neat matrix, (b) UP/W, (c) UP/PES and (d) UP/W ,SG composites after climate aging test.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 74%
“…This was due to the good heat resistance of wool fiber over polyester fiber. 36 The TP/W composite has the lowest thermal conductivity value (0.081 ± 0.003 W/(m.K)), which is 0.006 W/(m.K) lower than the UP/W composite. The same tendency was seen for UP/PES and TP/PES composites, which can be explained by the high fiber rate in TP/W and TP/PES samples compared to UP/W and UP/PES samples, respectively (See Table 4).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…The high tensile strength of Palm/Polyester mixtures can be explained by the polyester fibers’ high tenacity and length, as well as their low diameter compared to wool fibers, resulting in strong cohesion with palm fibers and a compact structure (See Table 1). 36 The UPalm/Wool nonwoven had the lowest tensile strength, which was due to the poor fiber cohesion as revealed by their high porosity caused by the high diameter of untreated palm fibers (see Table 1). The use of treated palm fiber substantially increases the tensile strength of Palm/Wool nonwoven by 366%.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This behavior is consistent with the literature and can be attributed to the low rigidity and diameter of treated palm fiber, which promotes the cohesion of palm and wool mixtures. 31,36 Similarly, the use of treated palm fiber increases the tensile strength of Palm/Polyester nonwoven by 24%. Figure 6 shows how the CPTS treatment improves the tensile properties of nonwovens.…”
This work aims to investigate the potential of nonwovens made from untreated (U) and alkaline/bleaching treated (T) palm, wool, and polyester fibers as reinforcing materials in polyester matrix for automotive interior applications. Four needle-punched nonwovens were developed and used with and without chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTS) treatment as polyester matrix fillers. Eight composite panels were made using the resin transfer molding machine process and compared to the matrix panel in terms of physical, mechanical, thermal, and climate resistance. The produced composite materials have smooth surfaces and provide consumers with four different aesthetically pleasing finishes. The physical results reveal that the UPalm/Wool and UPalm/Polyester nonwovens lower matrix density from 1223.3 Kg/m3 to 1022.3 and 1040.7 Kg/m3, respectively. The SEM images show that palm fibers are more adherent to the matrix after being treated with an alkaline/bleaching solution. This adhesion is also improved after nonwovens are treated with the CPTS precursor. The composite reinforced with CPTS-treated TPalm/Polyester nonwoven has the highest tensile strength and modulus (72.1 MPa and 3.76 GPa), which are 127% and 36% greater than those of the polyester matrix, respectively. The matrix’s flexural strength and modulus are also enhanced by 148% and 59%, respectively, after reinforcing with CPTS-treated TPalm/Polyester nonwoven. The use of TPalm/Wool and TPalm/Polyester nonwovens as polyester matrix fillers reduces their thermal conductivity from 0.125 W/(m.K) to 0.081 and 0.095 W/(m.K), respectively. Moreover, the climate aging results indicate that composites reinforced with CPTS-treated nonwovens are more stable to climate, implying their applicability and durability in automotive interior applications.
“…Figure 13(d) demonstrates the fiber/matrix interface stability in the UP/W ,SG composite after aging. The findings can be explained by the stability of produced nonwovens under different climates, as previously confirmed by Sajid et al, 36 affirming the strong adherence between nonwovens and the matrix and implying that produced composites are more climate stable and can be used for a long period. 8,63 Figure 13.SEM images of (a) neat matrix, (b) UP/W, (c) UP/PES and (d) UP/W ,SG composites after climate aging test.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 74%
“…This was due to the good heat resistance of wool fiber over polyester fiber. 36 The TP/W composite has the lowest thermal conductivity value (0.081 ± 0.003 W/(m.K)), which is 0.006 W/(m.K) lower than the UP/W composite. The same tendency was seen for UP/PES and TP/PES composites, which can be explained by the high fiber rate in TP/W and TP/PES samples compared to UP/W and UP/PES samples, respectively (See Table 4).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…The high tensile strength of Palm/Polyester mixtures can be explained by the polyester fibers’ high tenacity and length, as well as their low diameter compared to wool fibers, resulting in strong cohesion with palm fibers and a compact structure (See Table 1). 36 The UPalm/Wool nonwoven had the lowest tensile strength, which was due to the poor fiber cohesion as revealed by their high porosity caused by the high diameter of untreated palm fibers (see Table 1). The use of treated palm fiber substantially increases the tensile strength of Palm/Wool nonwoven by 366%.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This behavior is consistent with the literature and can be attributed to the low rigidity and diameter of treated palm fiber, which promotes the cohesion of palm and wool mixtures. 31,36 Similarly, the use of treated palm fiber increases the tensile strength of Palm/Polyester nonwoven by 24%. Figure 6 shows how the CPTS treatment improves the tensile properties of nonwovens.…”
This work aims to investigate the potential of nonwovens made from untreated (U) and alkaline/bleaching treated (T) palm, wool, and polyester fibers as reinforcing materials in polyester matrix for automotive interior applications. Four needle-punched nonwovens were developed and used with and without chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTS) treatment as polyester matrix fillers. Eight composite panels were made using the resin transfer molding machine process and compared to the matrix panel in terms of physical, mechanical, thermal, and climate resistance. The produced composite materials have smooth surfaces and provide consumers with four different aesthetically pleasing finishes. The physical results reveal that the UPalm/Wool and UPalm/Polyester nonwovens lower matrix density from 1223.3 Kg/m3 to 1022.3 and 1040.7 Kg/m3, respectively. The SEM images show that palm fibers are more adherent to the matrix after being treated with an alkaline/bleaching solution. This adhesion is also improved after nonwovens are treated with the CPTS precursor. The composite reinforced with CPTS-treated TPalm/Polyester nonwoven has the highest tensile strength and modulus (72.1 MPa and 3.76 GPa), which are 127% and 36% greater than those of the polyester matrix, respectively. The matrix’s flexural strength and modulus are also enhanced by 148% and 59%, respectively, after reinforcing with CPTS-treated TPalm/Polyester nonwoven. The use of TPalm/Wool and TPalm/Polyester nonwovens as polyester matrix fillers reduces their thermal conductivity from 0.125 W/(m.K) to 0.081 and 0.095 W/(m.K), respectively. Moreover, the climate aging results indicate that composites reinforced with CPTS-treated nonwovens are more stable to climate, implying their applicability and durability in automotive interior applications.
“…This source was chosen due to its abundance, and high cellulose content (about 43%). 37,38 In addition, it has never been used as a reinforcing material in nano-composites until now. We developed and optimized a direct CMF extraction method with a high extraction yield and high quality (purity, visual appearance, low diameter, etc.).…”
This work aims to optimize the industrial extraction conditions of cellulose microfibers (CMFs) from Washingtonia palm fiber for application in starch bio-composite films. The CMF extraction was a mixed process that combines caustic soda treatment with hydrogen peroxide bleaching in a stirred thermostatic bath. To study the yield, whiteness index and α-cellulose content, three variables were selected; NaOH and H2O2 concentrations and treatment time. The optimum was determined using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach for samples treated for 70 min with 5.21% NaOH and 5.54% H2O2. The optimized CMF was used to produce Starch/CMF bio-composite films with higher mechanical and barrier performance, which increased by 300% and 31%, respectively. Moreover, its moisture absorption and water solubility decreased by about 24% and 26%, respectively after adding 20 wt% CMF. In fact, morphological results showed that the higher CMF in the Starch/CMF20 leads to the heterogeneous CMF distribution and agglomerates resulting in weakened starch films. As a result, the extracted CMF can be a competitive nanofabrication filler.
Fiber‐reinforced polymers are widely used in many applications where high specific strength and high specific stiffness are required. Biocomposites have replaced synthetic‐based fiber‐reinforced polymers as a preferred option due to their environmental friendliness, ease of supply, and affordability. Comparable strength synthetic‐fiber‐reinforced polymers and biocomposites both have lower specific weights. This study aims to characterize hybrid biocomposites produced from unidirectional prepregs made of flax/polypropylene fibers and nonwoven mats made of hemp/polypropylene fibers. Research has also been conducted on how the number of layers and the stacking sequence affect the mechanical performance of hybrid biocomposites. Three different designs of biocomposite plates have been produced using compression molding. They were then subjected to tensile, compressive, shear, bending, Charpy impact, and drop‐weight impact tests. According to the test results, it is found that each design has its own characteristics, and the characterized static and dynamic behaviors are very different from each other. Therefore, each biocomposite mentioned here may be a good candidate for engineering design based on the given engineering design criteria.
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