“…Although, the ‘one way flow of communication and influence from the West’ (Schiller, 1976) has been challenged by ‘multi-directional flows’ (Robertson, 1992) and ‘contra-flows’ (Iwabuchi, 2007) circulating from peripheral to core countries (Biltereyst and Meers, 2000; Erni and Chua, 2004), these dominant seven countries acquired 73.5 per cent of global film production companies (Jin, 2013). In the same vein, film production companies in the United States acquired 440 foreign film production companies (24.4%) amounting to controlling nearly a quarter of all cross-border deals, while, for instance, Japan accounted for 3.6 per cent, and thus only 65 cross-deals (Jin, 2013).…”