Introduction

Nystrom, Kenneth C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26836-1_1

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Differentiating between these surgical interventions is a difficult task though. First and foremost, different terms are used in the literature as Nystrom () points out, adding to the difficulty in separating autopsy and dissection (Dittmar & Mitchell, ; Fowler & Powers, ; Nystrom, ). Dittmar & Mitchell () consulted a number of historical dissection and autopsy manuals in order to identify some criteria to differentiate the two procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They concluded that a number of criteria such as colour dyes upon the bones, dissected animal bones in the graves, non‐matching body parts in a grave and the sawing of the skeletons into sections would help differentiate dissection from autopsy (Dittmar & Mitchell, ). Based on Nystrom () and Dittmar & Mitchell () we formulated the following definitions to determine what the surgical interventions covered:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autopsies are post mortem examinations carried out in order to determine the cause of death (Dittmar & Mitchell, ; Nystrom, ) but could also be a possibility for further knowledge of disease aetiology (Chaplin, ; Western, ). Autopsies in the past were generally performed by only opening the skull and thoracic and abdominal cavities (Dittmar & Mitchell, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anatomical dissections were made to educate medical students in the anatomical structures of the body (Dittmar & Mitchell, ; Nystrom, ). Dittmar & Mitchell () further describe how the old dissection manuals described examination of every part of the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anatomical specimen preparation is difficult to ascertain, as this would likely have been carried out as part of establishing an anatomical, pathological collection. Therefore, the absence of bone elements (Nystrom, ), signs of extraordinary cuts and colour dyes upon the bones could be sign of the preparation of anatomical and pathological specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skeletal Material from the Cemetery of the 19th Century Copenhagen Hospital for the Poor: Autopsies, Surgical Training and Anatomical Specimens

Flies

Winther²,

Lynnerup

2017

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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The skeletal material of 299 individual skeletons was recovered from 78 graves in central Copenhagen in 2006. The graves were part of a temporary cemetery serving the Copenhagen Hospital for the Poor in the period 1842-1858. It is known that the hospital supplied cadavers for teaching and dissection. Fifty-two skeletons and bones were found to have cut marks and saw marks, indicative of post mortem surgical interventions: dissection, autopsy, anatomical specimens and surgical practice. The material was closely examined for healing at the sawn edges and signs of diseases. It was attempted to differentiate the surgical procedures from one another and give an overview of the material and historical context. We were mostly unable to attach a specific post mortem surgical procedure to the skeletal elements; however, we present some cases that most likely represent a specific surgical intervention. An excavation of similarly processed bone material from London Hospital from the same time period was used as the main reference material. The skeletal material described here offers a view upon the medical development, teaching and training amongst surgeons and anatomists in mid-19th century.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Skeletal Material from the Cemetery of the 19th Century Copenhagen Hospital for the Poor: Autopsies, Surgical Training and Anatomical Specimens

Flies

Winther²,

Lynnerup

2017

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Twenty‐first century bioarchaeology: Taking stock and moving forward

Buikstra

DeWitte

Baker

et al. 2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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This article presents outcomes from a Workshop entitled “Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward,” which was held at Arizona State University (ASU) on March 6–8, 2020. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the School of Human Evolution and Social Change (ASU), and the Center for Bioarchaeological Research (CBR, ASU), the Workshop's overall goal was to explore reasons why research proposals submitted by bioarchaeologists, both graduate students and established scholars, fared disproportionately poorly within recent NSF Anthropology Program competitions and to offer advice for increasing success. Therefore, this Workshop comprised 43 international scholars and four advanced graduate students with a history of successful grant acquisition, primarily from the United States. Ultimately, we focused on two related aims: (1) best practices for improving research designs and training and (2) evaluating topics of contemporary significance that reverberate through history and beyond as promising trajectories for bioarchaeological research. Among the former were contextual grounding, research question/hypothesis generation, statistical procedures appropriate for small samples and mixed qualitative/quantitative data, the salience of Bayesian methods, and training program content. Topical foci included ethics, social inequality, identity (including intersectionality), climate change, migration, violence, epidemic disease, adaptability/plasticity, the osteological paradox, and the developmental origins of health and disease. Given the profound changes required globally to address decolonization in the 21st century, this concern also entered many formal and informal discussions.

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Landscape Structural Violence: A View from New Orleans’s Cemeteries

Seidemann

Halling²

2019

Am. Antiq.

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“Structural violence” is a term used to describe inflicted systematic violence on a disenfranchised group by an established order, usually framed as a government or the social majority. The disenfranchised groups are marginalized and not provided with the same access to resources such as healthcare or food, the effects of which can be observed directly in their death. Bioarchaeologists often can detect the visible effects of this violence on skeletal remains, which provide a visual representation to and reinforcement of social prejudices inflicted in life and death. Discussed here is how the same concept of structural violence can be inflicted on the landscape through damage to or obliteration of cemeteries. We propose a definition of “landscape structural violence” exhibited through cemetery erasure as a reinforcement of preexisting social prejudices in death where the governments or the social majority, intentionally or passively, destroy, remove, or obscure a cemetery without consultation with the descendant community. This definition is applied to several examples of New Orleans cemeteries to determine the functionality of the definition and what activity is and what is not structural violence inflicted on the landscape.

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Introduction

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Skeletal Material from the Cemetery of the 19th Century Copenhagen Hospital for the Poor: Autopsies, Surgical Training and Anatomical Specimens

Skeletal Material from the Cemetery of the 19th Century Copenhagen Hospital for the Poor: Autopsies, Surgical Training and Anatomical Specimens

Twenty‐first century bioarchaeology: Taking stock and moving forward

Landscape Structural Violence: A View from New Orleans’s Cemeteries

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