Introduction: The era of management: a historical perspective on twentieth-century management

Parliament: A Question of Management

“…While the older view of public management may have been concerned with the responsible exercise of administrative discretion, the newer behavioural approach has emphasised the strategic political role of the public manager and placed a lower priority on institutional capacity and durable democratic values (Lynn 2012; Keulen and Kroeze 2014). Rosenbloom (1998, in Lynn 2012 claims the term 'administration' conveys more respect for the constitutional and political foundations of governance than does 'management'.…”

“…The problem can be summed up thus: How can a parliament balance the routine and strategic dimensions of its administrative roles? How can its administrators and managers play a strategic and political role while preserving institutional capacity and democratic values as well as responding swiftly to changing environmental conditions (Keulen and Kroeze 2014;Raadschelders 1999)? How can they conduct public strategic conversations between all stakeholders while minimising the risk of crossing the political/administrative divide (Shergold 1997)?…”

Improving Organisational Health and Safety Performance: Theoretical Framework and Contemporary Approaches

“…A third scheme covering 1900 to 1992 has been suggested; including scientific management , welfare capitalism/human relations , systems rationalism and organizational culture (1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992). And another alternative to this sees the first as scientific management, the second humanist / behaviorist; the third as strategic management; the fourth as popular and individualized management; and the fifth (since 2000) as critical management [27]. The authors acknowledged there were no clear demarcations between their periods in the sense that management practices of one period were not completely abandoned at any stage as new beliefs, concepts and practices often established themselves gradually.…”

Memórias Individuais E Coletividades: Uma História Oral Da (Privatização Da) Embratel

“…Portelli (1997, p. 27 Para o autor, "o tempo é um continuum; situar um evento no tempo requer que esse continuum seja quebrado e feito discreto" (Portelli, 1991, p. 69, tradução da autora). A periodização, assim, é uma quebra em épocas que divide o tempo horizontalmente, o que é bastante feito na pesquisa histórica (Keulen & Kroeze, 2014). Além da quebra do tempo de forma horizontal, Portelli (1991) também identifica a quebra em eixos paradigmáticos ou simultâneos, que acontecem ao mesmo tempo mas que são logicamente distintos.…”

“…Sob o discurso da eficiência, do mercado e da melhoria da qualidade dos serviços, diversas empresas de infraestrutura -como as de telecomunicações, energia e transportes, as public utilities -foram desnacionalizadas ou tiveram seus mercados desregulamentados, num contexto internacional marcado pela ascensão da nova direita, pela substituição de uma economia industrial por uma de serviços, pela globalização financeira e pela valorização do indivíduo em detrimento do coletivo (Clifton, et al, 2001;Kroeze & Keulen, 2014).…”