Introduction: The Nexus of Developmental Policy and State Building

Abstract

Life of the "developmental state" concept has its ups and downs. Its heyday had lasted from the mid-1980s until the Asian financial crisis broke out in the late 1990s. Many analysts considered that it would face almost certain death following that crisis, during which the term "developmental state" seemed to connote "crony capitalism". Nonetheless, its flagging fortune has been revived again in the wake of the global financial crisis of 2007-08, as the so-called Washington Consensus, with an opposing emphasis on deregulation and liberalization, is subject to growing criticisms (Helleiner 2010; Birdsall and Fukuyama 2011). Meanwhile, the Beijing Consensus, reminding most observers of the developmental state concept, has attracted increasing attention worldwide (Halper 2010). More fundamentally, however, renewed interest in the developmental state is due to the fact that the debate itself focuses on questions that are unlikely to easily fade into insignificance, that is, the relationship between the state, the market and civil society as well as the political and institutional foundations for long-term economic development (Hayami and Aoki 2001; Haggard 2015). Of course, the traditional understanding of the developmental state had already become obsolete. Early studies were seriously problematic not only in their statecentric view and post hoc ergo propter hoc reasoning but also their samples which were small in number and limited or biased toward Asian economies (more on this below). Moreover, international and domestic contexts have changed considerably. While the wider process of globalization has increasingly reduced the latitude of policy choice for developing countries, the democratization process has rationalized the demands of domestic voters for income redistribution and public provision as well as the elimination of intolerable inefficiencies and injustice. As a result, unlike the

Kosovo’s Competing Nationalisms: Theorizing an Internal Challenge to Rebel Victor Legitimacy

“…Patrimonialism is also not the only nationalist economic model. In the developing world, developmental nationalism stresses strengthening the nation through economic growth, as in the rhetoric of leaders such as former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad of Malaysia (Takagi and Khoo 2019, 107–108). It can even be feminist, such as those of late 19th century Bohemia and Scandinavia that promoted women’s suffrage on a nationalist basis (Evans 2016, 1011–1012).…”