Introduction to 3D printing: techniques, materials and agricultural applications

Faidallah, Rawabe Fatima; Szakál, Zoltán; Oldal, István

doi:10.17676/hae.2021.40.47

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thermoplastics, especially PLA and ABS, are used to make a variety of agricultural equipment, including irrigation sprinklers and hose manifolds, spare parts for machinery like corn augers and gears, and seed application equipment. Because PLA is recyclable and biodegradable, farmers can also create specialized tools from it, such fruit pickers and shovels [99]. These thermoplastics differ slightly in terms of stiffness and heat resistance, but they are the most widely used filaments for 3D printing due to their low cost and simplicity of usage.…”

Section: Agriculture Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Materials Used in FDM 3D Printing Technology: A Critical Review

Faidallah

Hanon

Szakál

et al. 2022

J. Mod. Mech. Eng. Technol.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a flexible technique that has attracted increasing interest in recent years. 3D printing has powerful biodegradable materials that are important for environmental protection and emergencies such as COVID-19. To achieve better compatibility for customized and enhanced material characteristics, a variety of ways have been used. Companies and researchers are increasingly interested in biodegradable polymers and composites due to their easy production, eco-friendly, and suitability for a variety of applications. One small step toward protecting the world around us is the use of natural resources to produce fully or partially biodegradable composite materials. PHA (Polyhydroxyalkanoates), PLA (Polylacticacid), High impact polystyrene (HIPS), and PHB (Polyhydroxybutyrates) are examples of bioplastics that are produced and have similar functionality to conventional plastics while also being biodegradable. These materials have the potential to reduce our reliance on petroleum-based plastic, which may present environmental risks. Every country desperately needs to develop bioplastic usage and proper waste management for a pollution-free world. This review is expected to provide a general overview for 3D-printed biodegradable polymer and their applications using fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology.

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Section: Agriculture Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Materials Used in FDM 3D Printing Technology: A Critical Review

Faidallah

Hanon

Szakál

et al. 2022

J. Mod. Mech. Eng. Technol.

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“…Reinforcing pure polymers with fibers yields substantial improvements in the mechanical attributes of printed polymer products. Glass fibers (GF), carbon fibers (CF), and Kevlar fibers are extensively harnessed for their reinforcing prowess in additive manufacturing [8]. These fibers, either discontinuous or continuous, find utilization in Fiber-Reinforced Composites (FRCs), manufactured through varied AM techniques, including Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), and Direct Ink Writing (DIW) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glass fibers (GF), carbon fibers (CF), and Kevlar fibers are extensively harnessed for their reinforcing prowess in additive manufacturing [8]. These fibers, either discontinuous or continuous, find utilization in Fiber-Reinforced Composites (FRCs), manufactured through varied AM techniques, including Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), and Direct Ink Writing (DIW) [8]. While FDM, among these methods, has garnered significant attention, its remarkable mechanical performance, cost-efficiency, and rapid production render it a promising choice for composite manufacturing [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical characterization of 3D-Printed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites and pure polymers: Tensile and compressive behavior analysis

Faidallah,

Hanon,

Szakál

et al. 2024

IRASE

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing is widely utilized for producing thermoplastic components with functional purposes. However, the inherent mechanical limitations of pure thermoplastic materials necessitate enhancements in their mechanical characteristics when employed in certain applications. One strategy for addressing this challenge involves the incorporation of reinforcement materials, such as carbon fiber (CF), within the thermoplastic matrix. This approach leads to the creation of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) suitable for engineering applications. The utilization of CFRPs in 3D printing amalgamates the benefits of additive manufacturing, including customization, cost-effectiveness, reduced waste, swift prototyping, and accelerated production, with the remarkable specific strength of carbon fiber. This study encompasses tensile and compressive testing of distinct material compositions: recycled polylactic acid (rPLA), PLA enriched with 10 wt.% carbon fiber, pristine polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and PETG bolstered with 10 wt.% carbon fiber. Tensile tests adhere to the ASTM D3039 standard for specimens of rectangular shape, while the ASTM D695 standard governs the compressive testing procedures. Additionally, an inquiry into the influence of the primary 3D printing build orientation parameter on the tensile and compressive strengths of diverse materials was conducted. The outcomes reveal that rPLA exhibits superior mechanical properties in both tensile and compressive tests, irrespective of flat or on-edge build orientations. In the context of tensile strength analysis, it is noteworthy that rPLA demonstrated a superior performance, surpassing CFPLA by 30% in flat orientation and exhibiting a remarkable 39.2% advantage in on-edge orientation. Moreover, PLA reinforced with carbon fiber exhibits superior tensile and compressive properties compared to its PETG counterpart. A comparative analysis between CFPLA and CF-PETG indicates that CF-PLA demonstrates higher tensile strengths, with increases of 26.6 and 27.6% for flat and on-edge orientations, respectively. In the context of compressive strength analysis, rPLA surpassed CFPLA, PETG, and CF-PETG by 23.7, 53, and 67%, respectively. Intriguingly, the findings indicate that the incorporation of 10 wt.% carbon fiber diminishes the tensile and compressive properties in comparison to pure PETG.

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A Statistical Investigation and Prediction of the Effect of FDM Variables on Flexural Stress of PLA Prints

Mansor,

Shabeeb,

Hussein

et al. 2024

Tikrit j. eng. sci.

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Due to its many engineering applications, low manufacturing costs, and environmental friendliness, 3D printing is considered one of the most promising manufacturing technologies. The quality of printed parts will inevitably be affected by the controllable variables used in the 3D printing process. The present study aims to investigate how different printing process parameters affect the bending strength of PLA prints. The ASTM D790 standard was used to fabricate the samples in this work, while the Taguchi principle was used to design the experiments. The following values were chosen: shell width (0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2 mm), layer thickness (0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mm), and infill density (40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). The results showed that fill density is the most effective variable for improving bending strength. Measurements of infill density (100%), layer thickness (0.15 mm), and shell width (2 mm) gave the best results, which were calculated to be 83.1479 MPa in bending test. The mathematical model in this study was developed using linear regression analysis, and the residuals confirmed that the model fit the data well, with a maximum error of 6.1%.

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Introduction to 3D printing: techniques, materials and agricultural applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Biodegradable Materials Used in FDM 3D Printing Technology: A Critical Review

Biodegradable Materials Used in FDM 3D Printing Technology: A Critical Review

Mechanical characterization of 3D-Printed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites and pure polymers: Tensile and compressive behavior analysis

A Statistical Investigation and Prediction of the Effect of FDM Variables on Flexural Stress of PLA Prints

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