Introduction to AIDS Pathology

Dail, David H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3935-0_6

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…When postmortem examinations have been conducted on HIV-infected patients already known to have cutaneous disease, the prevalence of pulmonary involvement has ranged from 47 to 75%. [37][38][39][40] In other clinical studies, pulmonary KS has been diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 8 to 14% of patients with AIDS and respiratory symptoms, in 6 to 32% of patients with AIDS who had cutaneous KS, and in 21 to 49% of HIV-infected persons with known mucocutaneous KS and respiratory symptoms. 6,7,40 -43 Pulmonary KS in the absence of mucocutaneous involvement is generally considered a rare event.…”

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 98%

The Epidemiologic, Pathologic, and Clinical Features of AIDS-Associated Pulmonary Kaposi's Sarcoma

Aboulafia

2000

Chest

111

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Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 98%

The Epidemiologic, Pathologic, and Clinical Features of AIDS-Associated Pulmonary Kaposi's Sarcoma

Aboulafia

2000

Chest

111

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“…9 Amniotic fluid elements can be routinely identified in hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung tissue sections, although they may be difficult to identify as some are lodged in small pulmonary capillaries. 4,6,8,9 Multiple lung sections are to be submitted when diagnosing AFE to increase the probability of finding elements of amniotic fluid. 7 Special stains that can be used to demonstrate amniotic fluid include alcian blue PAS at pH 2.5 to detect mucin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 to detect fetal squamous cells, Attwood stain, and Movat connective tissue stain to detect squamous cells and mucin, and oil red O stain to detect lipid droplets in the pulmonary vasculature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lanugo hairs are easily identified using polarized light. 4,6,7 Monoclonal antibody TKH-2 is sensitive to glycoproteins sialyl Tn and NeuAc ␣ 2-6GalNAc and reacts with meconium and amniotic fluid-derived mucin glycoprotein. 8 Kobayshi et al 8 have recently showed that TKH-2 monoclonal antibody staining is more sensitive to detect meconium and amniotic fluid-derived mucin in the maternal lung sections than conventional alcian blue PAS staining.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The amniotic fluid that contains epithelial squames, lanugo hairs, fat, mucus, meconium, and bile enters into the maternal circulation and causes dyspnea, cor pulmonale due to partial obstruction of the maternal circulation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cardiovascular shock, and often death, usually within 1 hour. 3,4 Recent articles have been published that suggest AFE results in an anaphylactoid reaction to fetal antigens, with an increase in maternal serum tryptase levels. 5 The postmortem diagnosis of AFE can be confirmed by special stains and immunohistochemistry to identify AFE particulates within the pulmonary vasculature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The classic stains used are low-molecular-weight cytokeratin (AE1), high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (AE3), alcian blue PAS at pH 2.5, Attwood, Movat connective tissue, and oil red O. 4,6,7,8 A recent study has been published that showed that the immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibody TKH-2 is a sensitive method to detect glycoproteins of AFE and aid in the diagnosis. 8…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ancillary Studies in Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Marcus

Collins

Harley

2005

American Journal of Forensic Medicine &Amp; Pathology

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The incidence of amniotic fluid embolism during pregnancy is approximately 1/50,000 and has a mortality rate in excess of 80%. The postmortem diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism can be challenging for forensic investigators and pathologists. At autopsy, usually signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation suggest an amniotic fluid embolism. A definitive diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism cannot be made until ancillary studies are performed on the decedent's tissues. We report a case of a 37-year-old G3P2 white female who was 36 weeks gestation when her membranes spontaneously ruptured. She suddenly became breathless, went into cardiogenic shock, and died. The autopsy revealed gross and microscopic findings of amniotic fluid embolism, which was confirmed with ancillary studies consisting of special stains, immunohistochemistry, and a serum tryptase level. The authors hope this case report, including gross and microscopic autopsy findings with procedural and ancillary studies, and review of the literature will help investigators and pathologists in the diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism.

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Atypische morphologische Lungenmanifestationen der Pneumocystis-carinii-Infektion bei AIDS-Kranken

1997

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We report on unusual presentation forms of Pneumocystis carinii infection of the lung in two patients with AIDS. A 36-years-old woman presented a cavitation in the lung middle lobe and bullous changes in the apical portion of the right upper lobe on the chest x-ray. The biopsy of these lesions was not diagnostic and the patient was operated on. The surgical specimen of the removed lung segment showed a cavitary lesion with a border of granulation tissue with giant cells, focal recent and older hemorrhages, rests of fibrinous exudate and dystrophic calcifications. In the surrounding tissue there were Pneumocystis carinii in the alveolar spaces and also in the alveolar walls, this tissue invasion through the organisms being most probably the cause of the cavitary change. A cytomegalic virus infection was also found. A 30-years-old man presented patchy pulmonary infiltrates on his x-ray. The examination of bronchial secretion and bronchial washing specimens revealed P. carinii. In addition, the organisms were demonstrated in the walls of pulmonary vessels and in the stroma of the bronchial mucosa on the biopsy. In a sample of lung tissue which was taken after death, there were no Pneumocystis carinii anymore, but some proliferations of connective tissue with giant cells and calcification, which could represent residual changes of the Pneumocysts carinii infection. Besides, persisting changes of cytomegaly were found. We conclude that a Pneumocystis carinii infection should be considered in all HIV-positive or AIDS patients with any kind of lung lesions.

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Introduction to AIDS Pathology

Cited by 3 publications

References 251 publications

The Epidemiologic, Pathologic, and Clinical Features of AIDS-Associated Pulmonary Kaposi's Sarcoma

The Epidemiologic, Pathologic, and Clinical Features of AIDS-Associated Pulmonary Kaposi's Sarcoma

Ancillary Studies in Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Atypische morphologische Lungenmanifestationen der Pneumocystis-carinii-Infektion bei AIDS-Kranken

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